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Embodied said: “At this point one should stop the contemplation process and start breathing in and out to cleanse the body; sometimes the body itself automatically gets rid of those things via a long out breath. This will lead to passaddhi (tranquility) of both the body and the mind, and one gets to samadhi gradually. One needs to think about the lightness of the body and the mind (passaddhi) and the niramisa sukha (from samadhi) that results. One also should think about upekkha (equanimity) too.
When the body and the mind calm down enough and when one feels relaxed, one should go back to cultivating the previous three sabbojjanga, i.e., start on the contemplation process of dhammavicaya.”As Tobias confirmed, that is correct. That quote is from the post,”11. Magga Phala via Cultivation of Saptha Bojjanga“.
Your earlier description of anicca is fine too, Embodied.
Each person sees it one’s own way. But the key is to see the “unfruitfullness” in worldly things, and that if one commits dasa akusala to get those worldly things one will face bad consequences in the future.By the way, the following post may be helpful for everyone in writing responses or asking questions in formatting the text (and to provide links): “How to Reply to a Forum Question“.
Hi Tobias,
There is not that much to be gained by doing an Abhidhamma analysis.
This is a matter of getting the basic idea. That will change one’s sanna about this world>.Sanna is a universal cetasika and arises in each and every citta. So, once one gets the “yathabhuta nana” it will be embedded in one’s cittas forever.
As one’s understanding of Tilakkhana grows, one’s panna (wisdom) will grow and the asobhana cetasika lobha, dosa, moha will diminish. Samma Nana — that is attained upon the completion of the Noble Eightfold Path — is complete when panna is optimized (and at that time one is an Arahant and one had attained full release or Samma vimutti).
The fundamental idea is discussed in detail in the fourth desana on Tilakkhana that was just published: “Three Marks of Existence – English Discourses“. And that discussion will continue in the next and last desana in that series. That is what needs to be grasped. Of course, some may have already grasped it, and there are many ways to get there.
If there are more questions on this issue, it is better to discuss them at the forum on “Three Marks of Existence Discourses“. Complete removal of micca ditthi is attained upon full understanding of Tilakkhana.
For example, Anapana sati meditation is not breath meditation. See “6. Anāpānasati Bhāvanā (Introduction)” and the following two posts.
I really recommend reading the section on “Bhāvanā (Meditation)“.
Tobias said: “Micca ditthi is one of the dasa akusala done with the mind. That means also kusala abhisankhara (this should be punna abhisankhara; see the comments on May 14, 2019 below) are done with the dasa akusala involved, at least until the Sotapanna stage (where micca ditthi is removed).”
This is a very good point, and I hope everyone pays attention to it.
This is why one cannot get to Nibbana via the mundane eightfold path. One’s micca ditthi NOT completely removed until one comprehends the REAL NATURE (yathabhuta nana), with Tilakkhana.
For example, one on the mundane path abstains from stealing, sexual misconduct, etc MAINLY because one is afraid of rebirth in lower realms. But if the temptation is high, one may go ahead and do it anyway.
However, one who has comprehended Tilakkhana has seen the UNFRUITFULESS sense pleasures. So, in addition to the “being afraid factor”, one also KNOWS that no matter how tempting, it is not WORTHWHILE.
– Of course, a Sotapanna has not fully grasped Tilakkhana, so he/she will absolutely not do only those anantariya kamma. Only an Arahant has the full yathabhuta nana, and thus will not do ANY akusala kamma.This is discussed in detail in the fourth desana on Tilakkhana that was just published: “Three Marks of Existence – English Discourses“.
P.S. on June 17, 2022
My comment that Johnny quoted “A Sotapanna who gets to the first Ariya jhana has removed kama raga, but may not have had the Anagami phala moment.” is not correct.
It should read as, “A Sotapanna who gets to the first anariya jhana has not removed kama raga. But he/she would still be –in effect — be an Anagami in the sense of “not coming back to the kama loka.”
1. One with a given jhana will be born in the corresponding brahma realm.
– So, a Sotapanna with the first anariya jhana will be born in the corresponding brahma realm, not in the Suddhāvāsa, which is reserved for those who have attained the Anagami phala moment.
– But he/she is still an Anagami (“na” + “agami” or not coming back to kama loka). He/she will attain the Anagami phala moment there and then will be born in the Suddhāvāsa.2. Any magga phala can be attained in any realm (human and above), with the following exceptions: One cannot attain the Sotapanna stage in arupavacara realms, since one does not have ears to listen to Dhamma. Also, no magga phala possible in the Asanna realm.
– But a Sotapanna can attain higher magga phala if born in arupavacara realms too.The two TED presentations links that Donna has provided are good. They emphasize the negative aspects of bad speech.
What “y not” stated is true in general. One mostly comes across material that are not good or even harmful sometimes.
So, if one gets material from reliable sources, it is not a bad idea to look at them, if one has time. But most of this information is in Buddha Dhamma, and the “Moral Living and Fundamentals” section has posts on such topics.
Furthermore, it is important to understand that vaci sankhara is not just speech, but also includes conscious thoughts. One can be generating a lot of bad vaci sankhara without saying a single word: “Correct Meaning of Vacī Sankhāra“.
This was discussed under the topic, “Jhana and magga pala“.
More information at the post, “Mundane versus Supramundane Jhāna“.
I think the sutta that is discussed at the end of that post is similar to the MN52 that you mentioned, Johnny.
Key facts to keep in mind:
1. Anariya jhana attained by focusing on a worldly object like breath or kasina. Ariya jhana attained by taking the “seen Nibbana” as the thought object: “etan santan etan paneetan…”.2. Thus one has to have “seen” Nibbana (i.e., one must be at least a Sotapanna) to take Nibbana as the thought object (which means the “cooling down one has seen”).
3. One gets to anariya jhana by SUPPRESSING pancanivarana. A Sotapanna has REMOVED pancanivarana.
4. Of course, one who has anariya jhana can make it an Ariya jhana by comprehending the Tilakkhana and seeing the futility of jhanic pleasures.
5. A Sotapanna who gets to the first anariya jhana has not removed kama raga. But he/she will not come back to the kama loka (will get theAnagami phala moment in the brahma loka and attain Nibbana there). So, he/she is still an Anagami (“na” + “agami” or not coming back). This is what is stated in the last bullet in “Mundane versus Supramundane Jhāna“.
It is true that there is no “unchanging self”, like a “hero” or a “coward”.
However, at a given time, a person has certain “gati” or habits/character. And one’s behavior at that time is influenced by his/her gati.
See: “The Law of Attraction, Habits, Character (Gathi), and Cravings (Asavas)” and “Habits, Goals, and Character (Gathi)“.There are more posts on how to change one’s gati for the better. In fact, this is the key to making progress.
See, “How Habits are Formed and Broken – A Scientific View” and “Patisandhi Citta – How the Next Life is Determined According to Gathi“.This has been discussed at various levels in many posts. You can also use the “Search” box on the top right to find more posts on gati (I have spelled it sometimes as gathi, so use both words).
Don’t hesitate to ask questions if something is not clear. It is a good question and understanding the issue can be quite helpful.
Thanks, Donna.
Please don’t hesitate to ask questions if you have any.
I also would like to make a general comment to everyone. These desanas only provide the framework for discussions. We can simplify or go to deeper levels at the forum.
I have spent a lot of time trying to “walk the middle ground” with these. These may still be either too hard or too simple for some. That is why I specifically started topics on each desana, so that we can discuss each desana at various levels.
They also increase in depth as we go to the next two desanas, and there will be total of five, at least for the time being.
Even though I may not be writing regular posts for a few months, I will be participating in the discussion forum.
Welcome to the discussion forum, José!
Thank you for the introduction too.
Please don’t hesitate to ask questions and also to respond to others’ questions. Everyone’s input is appreciated.
I also realized that I had not welcomed people to the forum in the first two months or so. My apologies for forgetting to do that. I think most of them had corresponded with me via email before, so that was probably the reason that I did not think about it.
Welcome to the forum, Ashok!
Each human life is a different gandhabba.
But in the case of twins, the zygote splits into two and effectively become two.Even if the two split cells are identical, there are no two gandhabbas that would be identical (no two humans are the same). Gandhabbas are “selected for a given zygote” based on how well gandhabba’s gati match the gati of the mother and father. That “matching process” selects the “best matching gandhabba” available at the time. This is why there are instances where a child may grow up to have very different gati compared to either parent.
In the case of two gandhabbas taking possession of the split zygote, while they are likely to have similar gati, they can never have exactly the same gati.
As the twins grow, they will start exhibiting their own “inherent gati”, and in some cases they may be quite different. Of course, their “original gati” will change towards some common gati too, since they will be brought up in the same environment.
The conception process is discussed in the post,”What does Buddha Dhamma (Buddhism) say about Birth Control?“.
1. This world of 31 realms is very complex. While most of us are not exposed to beings in other realms, there are some who can communicate with beings in other realms. See the post:”What Does Buddha Dhamma Say about Creator, Satan, Angels, and Demons?”
In most cases, it is better to avoid communicating with such beings. They may have their own agenda, and may try to steer one in a path they want to. When one firmly gets on the Noble Path, no such being can influence. Usually, when “good beings” want to help, they do that to the best their ability without trying to communicate.
As with people, it is always beings with similar “gati” that are attracted to people. So, when one’s gati change for the better, they automatically move away. But before that, they might try to influence one not to steer away from them.
2. Sometimes people do “no thought meditation” based on even instructions from other humans. I know that some people in Sri Lanka believe that Nibbana means getting rid of thoughts. They try remove all thought objects (arammana) that come to the mind. This is dangerous, because one can become “asanna”, i.e., lose “sanna” or perception.
If one has been doing such meditations, one’s brain could be wired for that. It is possible to re-wire the neurons by staying away from such types of meditations and doing it the right way. See the posts: “Truine Brain: How the Mind Rewires the Brain via Meditation/Habits” and “How Habits are Formed and Broken – A Scientific View“.
All these problems will go away slowly once one is firmly on the Path. Best to keep in mind that no one else (or no other being) can influence you if you know you are on the right Path.
1. First of all, Kamma is one of those things that the Buddha categorized as “acinteyya”, not fully graspable by a human other than a Buddha.
2. There are two key factors to be remembered in evaluating how to assess a kamma vipaka:
–which of the dasa akusala is the intention? That is the “cetana” in “cetana ham bhikkhave kamman vadami”.
– then the strength of the kamma vipaka is based on the “level of consciousness” or “qualities” of the living beings affected by that kamma.
-That is the clearest way to analyze any given situation.
3. For example, in the recent second desana on Tilakkhana, I discussed the case of a person killing a bunch of people with a bomb. His intention (cetana) was to kill. Thus the dasa akusala involved is “panatipata”, that of taking a life.
-Now to the second step. He may not even know who was killed. By some coincidence if a parent of the killer was killed by the bomb, then he would have done an anantariya papa kamma. If an Arahant was killed, the same. If a Sotapanna was killed, then it would not be a anantariya kamma, but still equivalent to killing thousands of normal humans.
-So, it is important to understand that “cetana” is which of dasa sakusala are in one’s mind when a kamma is committed. It could be more than one. In the case of the bomber, there is micca ditthi, and likely greed also, in addition to “panatipata”.
-So, it is good to analyze various situations with the above two steps.
4. In the particular example discussed, it is not necessary that person A had to have killed B in a previous life. It is just that person A had a previous kamma vipaka waiting to bear fruit and he himself made the conditions right by going to a bad neighborhood, possibly at a bad time.
Person B could have been just happened to be there with the appropriate mindset to do the killing. It is also possible that there could have been some connection between the two in the past, but that is not necessary.
We all have done innumerable kamma in the deep past and when suitable conditions appear they are brought to fruition.-But there are some accounts in the Tipitaka, where a person “avenges” a previous death by killing. But in those cases, person A would have killed person B in a previous life by beating him, for example. Then person B would have made a determination, “I will kill you in the future in return”.
-But if person B in the given case kills A by shooting from a distance, A would even not know who killed him. He may die instantly, not even being aware that he was shot by someone. Of course, the “nature” would know (we are all connected), and therefore, that could act as an additional factor.
– This point of “we are all inter-connected” is now proven by quantum mechanics: “Quantum Entanglement – We Are All Connected“.
– This is a key factor in understanding kamma/vipaka, and is my next project. I believe that quantum mechanics can show this at an even deeper level.
