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Pure Dhamma

Pure Dhamma

A Quest to Recover Buddha's True Teachings

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  • Welcome!
  • Buddha Dhamma
    • User’s Guide to Pure Dhamma Website
    • Buddha Dhamma – A Scientific Approach
      • Introduction – A Scientific Approach to Buddha Dhamma
      • Theories of Our World – Scientific Overview
      • Mind and Matter – Buddhist Analysis
      • Sensual Pleasures – The Hidden Suffering
      • Kammic Energy Leads to Consciousness
      • Brain and the Gandhabba
      • Our Two Worlds – Rupa Loka and Nāma Loka
      • Tipitaka – A Systematic Approach
      • Antarābhava and Gandhabba
      • Close
    • Buddhahood Associated Controversies
      • Buddhahood Controversies – Introduction
      • Pāṭihāriya (Supernormal Abilities) of a Buddha – Part I
      • Pāṭihāriya (Supernormal Abilities) of a Buddha – Part II
      • Close
    • What is Buddha Dhamma?
    • Foundation of Dhamma
    • The Importance of Purifying the Mind
    • The Grand Unified Theory of Dhamma
      • The Grand Unified Theory of Dhamma – Introduction
      • Our Two Worlds: Material and Immaterial
      • Gandhabbaya – Only in Human and Animal Realms
      • Body Types in 31 Realms – Importance of Manomaya Kaya
      • 31 Realms Associated with the Earth
      • Gandhabba Sensing the World – With and Without a Physical Body
      • Nibbāna in the Big Picture
      • Close
    • Buddha Dhamma: Non-Perceivability and Self-Consistency
    • Samsāric Time Scale, Buddhist Cosmology, and the Big Bang Theory
    • Evidence for Rebirth
    • Power of the Human Mind
      • Power of the Human Mind – Introduction
      • Difference Between Jhāna and Stages of Nibbāna
      • Power of the Human Mind – Anariya or Mundane Jhānas
      • Power of the Human Mind – Ariya Jhānas
      • Are There Procedures for Attaining Magga Phala, Jhāna and Abhiññā?
      • Close
    • Transfer of Merits (Pattidāna) – How Does it Happen?
    • First Noble Truth is Suffering? Myths about Suffering
    • Vinaya – The Nature Likes to be in Equilibrium
    • Close
  • Elephants in the Room
    • Word-for-Word Translation of the Tipiṭaka
      • “Elephant in the Room” – Direct Translation of the Tipiṭaka
      • Niddesa (Brief Description) of Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Paṭicca Samuppāda During a Lifetime
      • Often Mistranslated Pāli Keywords
      • Close
    • Elephant in the Room 2 – Jhāna and Kasiṇa
      • Samādhi, Jhāna, and Sammā Samādhi
      • Jhāna, Jhāya, and Jhāyi – Different Meanings
      • Close
    • Elephant in the Room 3 – Ānāpānasati
      • Ānāpānasati – Overview
      • Assāsa Passāsa – What Do They Mean?
      • Ānāpānasati Not About Breath – Icchā­naṅga­la Sutta
      • Mahārāhulovāda Sutta and Ānāpānasati
      • Close
    • Elephant in the Room 4 – Gandhabba/Manomaya Kāya
      • Does Gandhabba Mean “Semen”?
      • Close
    • Close
  • Key Dhamma Concepts
    • Basic Framework of Buddha Dhamma
      • Buddha Dhamma – Noble Truths, Paṭicca Samuppāda, Tilakkhaṇa
      • Noble Truths, Paṭicca Samuppāda, Tilakkhana – Key Relationships
      • Anicca Nature, the First Noble Truth, and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Tilakkhaṇa – Introduction
      • Close
    • San – A Critical Pāli Root
      • What is “San”? Meaning of Sansāra (or Saṃsāra)
      • Sankhāra, Kamma, Kamma Bīja, Kamma Vipāka
      • Sankhara – Life is a Bundle of Sankhara
      • Kamma are Done with Saṅkhāra – Types of Saṅkhāra
      • Close
    • Nibbāna
      • Nibbana “Exists”, but Not in This World
      • Nibbana – Is it Difficult to Understand?
      • The Four Stages in Attaining Nibbāna
      • What Are Rūpa? (Relation to Nibbāna)
      • Nirāmisa Sukha
      • Does the First Noble Truth Describe only Suffering?
      • Nirödha and Vaya – Two Different Concepts
      • Close
    • Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta
      • Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta – Wrong Interpretations
      • Anatta and Dukkha – True Meanings
      • Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta – According to Some Key Suttas
      • Anicca – True Meaning
      • Anattā – A Systematic Analysis
      • Tilakkhaṇa – English Discourses
      • The Way to Nibbāna – Transcription of a Discourse by Waharaka Thero
      • Sotāpanna Stage and Tilakkhaṇa
      • Why are Tilakkhaṇa not Included in 37 Factors of Enlightenment?
      • Two Versions of 37 Factors of Enlightenment
      • Types of Bodies in 31 Realms – Connection to Jhāna
      • Finest Manōmaya Kaya of an Arūpāvacara Brahma
      • Close
    • Gati, Bhava, and Jāti
      • Namagotta, Bhava, Kamma Bīja, and Mano Loka (Mind Plane)
      • Gati and Bhava – Many Varieties
      • Gathi to Bhava to Jathi – Ours to Control
      • Memory, Brain, Mind, Nama Loka, Kamma Bhava, Kamma Vipāka
      • Bhava and Jāti – States of Existence and Births Therein
      • Cuti and Marana – Related to Bhava and Jāti
      • Anusaya, Gati, Bhava – Connection to Manomaya Kāya (Gandhabba)
      • Difference Between Taṇhā and Upādāna
      • Pāpa Kamma Versus Akusala Kamma
      • Close
    • Sorting out Some Key Pāli Terms (Taṇhā, Lobha, Dosa, Moha, etc)
      • Kāma Taṇhā, Bhava Taṇhā, Vibhava Taṇhā
      • Taṇhā – How We Attach Via Greed, Hate, and Ignorance
      • Lōbha, Rāga and Kāmacchanda, Kāmarāga
      • Lōbha, Dōsa, Mōha versus Rāga, Paṭigha, Avijjā
      • What is Avijjā (Ignorance)?
      • Vedanā (Feelings) Arise in Two Ways
      • Indriya and Āyatana – Big Difference
      • Hetu-Phala, Paccuppanna, and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Diṭṭhi (Wrong Views), Sammā Diṭṭhi (Good/Correct Views)
      • Correct Meaning of Vacī Saṅkhāra
      • Panca Indriya and Panca Bala – Five Faculties and Five Powers
      • Kāmaccandha and Icca – Being Blinded by Cravings
      • Close
    • The Five Aggregates (Pañcakkhandha)
      • Five Aggregates – Introduction
      • Difference Between Physical Rūpa and Rūpakkhandha
      • Rūpakkhandha and Rūpa Upādānakkhandha
      • Arising of Five Aggregates Based on an Ārammaṇa
      • Memory Records- Critical Part of Five Aggregates
      • Pañca Upādānakkhandhā – Introduction
      • Five Aggregates – Connection to Tilakkhaṇa
      • Viññāṇa (Defiled Consciousness)
      • Rupa (Material Form)
      • Pancakkhandha or Five Aggregates – A Misinterpreted Concept
      • Pañcupādānakkhandha – It is All Mental
      • Close
    • Nāma & Rūpa to Nāmarūpa
      • Mental Aggregates
      • Rupa Aggregate
      • Viññāṇa Aggregate
      • Nāmarūpa Formation
      • Close
    • Close
  • Living Dhamma
    • Essential Buddhism
      • Four Noble Truths – Suffering and Its Elimination
      • Introduction to Citta, Vēdanā, Saññā, Saṅkhāra, and Viññāṇa
      • Breath Meditation Is Addictive and Harmful in the Long Run
      • Viññāṇa – Consciousness Together With Future Expectations
      • Connection Between Saṅkhāra and Viññāṇa
      • Viññāna and Saṅkhāra – Connection to Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Ānapānasati Eliminates Mental Stress Permanently
      • Ānāpāna and Satipaṭṭhāna – Fundamentals
      • Sati in Ānāpānasati/Satipaṭṭhāna – Two Meanings of Sati
      • Close
    • Living Dhamma – Overview
      • Living Dhamma – Introduction
      • Niramisa Sukha to Nibbana Suva – The Key Step
      • Starting on the Path Even without Belief in Rebirth
      • Close
    • Dhamma with Less Pāli
      • Buddha Dhamma for an Inquiring Mind – Part I
      • Root of All Suffering – Ten Immoral Actions
      • Is Suffering the Same as the First Noble Truth on Suffering?
      • Dhamma, Saṅkhāra, Sankata, Rupa, Viññāṇa, Gati, Āsava, Anusaya
      • Complexity of the Mind – Viññāna and Sankhāra
      • Citta, Manō, Viññāna – Nine Stages of a Thought
      • Close
    • Living Dhamma – Fundamentals
      • What Are Kilesa (Mental Impurities)? – Connection to Cetasika
      • Suffering in This Life – Role of Mental Impurities
      • Satipattana Sutta – Relevance to Suffering in This Life
      • How Are Gati and Kilesa Incorporated into Thoughts?
      • Noble Eightfold Path – Role of Sobhana Cetasika
      • Getting to Samadhi
      • Sexual Orientation – Effects of Kamma and Gathi (Sankhara)
      • Close
    • Mundane Sammā Samadhi
      • Micca Ditthi – Connection to Hethu Phala (Cause and Effect)
      • Suffering in This Life and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Suffering in This Life and Paṭicca Samuppāda II
      • Close
    • Transition to Noble Eightfold Path
      • Is It Necessary for a Buddhist to Eliminate Sensual Desires?
      • Sīla, Samādhi, Paññā to Paññā, Sīla, Samādhi
      • Ye Dhammā Hetuppabhavā.. and Yam Kiñci Samudaya Dhammam..
      • Close
    • Samādhi, Jhāna (Dhyāna), Magga Phala
      • Samādhi, Jhāna, Magga Phala – Introduction
      • Vitakka, Vicāra, Savitakka, Savicāra, and Avitakka, Avicāra
      • Jhānic Experience in Detail – Sāmañ­ña­phala Sutta (DN 2)
      • Ascendance to Nibbāna via Jhāna (Dhyāna)
      • Pannāvimutti – Arahanthood without Jhāna
      • Mundane versus Supramundane Jhāna
      • Nirōdha Samāpatti, Phala Samāpatti, Jhāna, and Jhāna Samāpatti
      • Close
    • Mental Body – Gandhabbaya
      • Our Mental Body – Gandhabbaya
      • Gandhabba State – Evidence from Tipiṭaka
      • Antarābhava and Gandhabba
      • Ānantariya Kamma – Connection to Gandhabba
      • Mental Body (Gandhabbaya) – Personal Accounts
      • Abnormal Births Due to Gandhabba Transformations
      • Satara Āhāra for Mental Body or Gandhabba
      • Micchā Diṭṭhi, Gandhabba, and Sōtapanna Stage
      • Working of Kammā – Critical Role of Conditions
      • Close
    • Close
  • Dhamma and Science
    • Dhamma and Science – Introduction
    • Good Explanations – Key to Weeding Out Bad Versions of Dhamma
    • Origin of Life
      • Origin of Life – There is No Traceable Origin
      • Human Life – A Mental Base (Gandhabba) and a Material Base (Cell)
      • Clarification of “Mental Body” and “Physical Body” – Different Types of “Kāya”
      • Four Types of Births in Buddhism
      • Buddhist Explanations of Conception, Abortion, and Contraception
      • Cloning and Gandhabba
      • Living Cell – How Did the First Cell Come to Existence?
      • Mystical Phenomena in Buddhism?
      • Views on Life
      • Origin of Life – One Creates One’s Own Future Lives
      • Close
    • Consciousness – A Dhamma Perspective
    • Buddhism – Consistencies with Science
    • Buddhism – Inconsistencies with Science
    • Close
  • Three Levels of Practice
    • Moral Living and Fundamentals
      • The Basics
      • Calming the Mind
      • Buddha Dhamma and Buddhism
      • Dhamma Concepts
      • Buddha Dhamma and Morality
      • Close
    • Working Towards Good Rebirths
      • Saṃsāric Habits, Character (Gati), and Cravings (Āsava)
      • Complexity of Life and the Way to Seek “Good Rebirths”
      • Three Kinds of Diṭṭhi, Eightfold Paths, and Samadhi
      • Rebirth – Connection to Suffering in the First Noble Truth
      • How the Buddha Described the Chance of Rebirth in the Human Realm
      • Kamma, Debt, and Meditation
      • Implications of the Rebirth Process in Daily Life and in Society
      • How do we Decide which View is Wrong View (Diṭṭhi)?
      • What Does Buddha Dhamma Say about Creator, Satan, Angels, and Demons?
      • Patisandhi Citta – How the Next Life is Determined According to Gathi
      • Close
    • Seeking Nibbāna
      • Aṭṭha Purisa Puggalā- Eight Noble Persons
      • Āsava, Anusaya, and Gati (Gathi)
      • The Way to Nibbana – Removal of Asavas
      • Kanha (Dark) and Sukka (Bright) Kamma and Kammakkhaya
      • Dasa Samyojana – Bonds in Rebirth Process
      • The Cooling Down Process (Nibbana) – How Root Causes are Removed
      • Why is Correct Interpretation of Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta so Important?
      • How to Cultivate the Noble Eightfold Path starting with Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta
      • Difference Between Giving Up Valuables and Losing Interest in Worthless
      • Close
    • Sotapanna Stage of Nibbana
      • The Sōtapanna Stage
      • Why a Sotāpanna is Better off than any King, Emperor, or a Billionaire
      • Myths about the Sotāpanna Stage
      • Sōtapanna Anugāmi and a Sōtapanna
      • Sōtapanna Anugāmi – No More Births in the Apāyās
      • Four Conditions for Attaining Sōtapanna Magga/Phala
      • Sotapatti Anga – The Four Qualities of a Sotapanna
      • Sammā Diṭṭhi – Realization, Not Memorization
      • How Does One Know whether the Sōtapanna Stage is Reached?
      • Assāda, Ādīnava, Nissarana
      • Sakkāya Diṭṭhi is Personality (Me) View?
      • Akusala Citta – How a Sotapanna Avoids Apayagami Citta
      • What is the only Akusala Removed by a Sōtapanna?
      • Udayavaya Ñāna
      • Close
    • Close
  • Tables and Summaries
    • Pali Glossary – (A-K)
    • The 89 (121) Types of Citta
    • Rupa (Material Form) – Table
    • Pali Glossary – (L-Z)
    • Cetasika (Mental Factors)
    • Rupa – Generation Mechanisms
    • Rupa Kalāpa (Grouping of Matter)
    • List of “San” Words and Other Pāli Roots
    • Akusala Citta and Akusala Vipāka Citta
    • 37 Factors of Enlightenment
    • Conditions for the Four Stages of Nibbāna
    • Ultimate Realities – Table
    • 31 Realms of Existence
    • Close
  • Paṭicca Samuppāda
    • Paticca Samuppada – “Pati+ichcha”+”Sama+uppäda”
    • Paticca Samuppada – Overview
    • Paṭicca Samuppāda – Essential Concepts
      • Nibbāna – Rāgakkhaya Dosakkhaya Mohakkhaya – Part 1
      • Pañca Nīvaraṇa and Sensual Pleasures (Kāma Rāga)
      • What is “Käma”? It is not Sex
      • Icchā, Taṇhā, Kāma – Root Causes of Suffering
      • Jāti – Different Types of Births
      • Bhava – Kammic Energy That Can Power an Existence
      • Bhava and Punabbhava – Kammic Energy Giving Rise to Renewed Existence
      • Concepts of Upādāna and Upādānakkhandha
      • Six Root Causes – Loka Samudaya (Arising of Suffering) and Loka Nirodhaya (Nibbana)
      • Close
    • Kamma and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Kamma and Paṭicca Samuppāda – Introduction
      • Dhamma and Dhammā – Different but Related
      • Difference Between Dhammā and Saṅkhāra
      • Kāma Assāda – A Root Cause of Suffering
      • Gati (Habits/Character) Determine Births – Saṃsappanīya Sutta
      • Close
    • Paṭicca Samuppāda, Tilakkhana, Four Noble Truths
      • Paṭicca Samuppāda – Introduction
      • What Did the Buddha Mean by a “Loka”?
      • Future Suffering (Loka/Dukkha Samudaya) Starts With Sensory Input (Ārammaṇa)
      • Sotapanna – One With the “Wider Worldview” of the Buddha
      • Sotapannā – Just Starting on the Noble Path
      • Yoniso Manasikāra and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Dhamma – Different Meanings Depending on the Context
      • Dhammā­nu­dhamma Paṭi­patti – Connection to Paṭicca Samuppāda/Tilakkhana
      • Close
    • Sakkāya Diṭṭhi and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Sakkāya Diṭṭhi – Wrong View of “Me” and “Mine”
      • What Reincarnates? – Concept of a Lifestream
      • Anatta and Sakkāya Diṭṭhi – Two Different Concepts
      • Close
    • Understanding the Terms in Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Distortion of Pāli Keywords in Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Saṅkhāra – Many Meanings
      • Viññāṇa – Two Critical Meanings
      • Memory, Dhammā, and Viññāṇa Dhātu
      • Citta Vithi – Fundamental Sensory Unit
      • Does any Object (Rupa) Last only 17 Thought Moments?
      • Phassa (Contact) – Contact With Pasāda Rupa
      • Arising of the Five Aggregates With an Ārammaṇa
      • Close
    • How Are Paṭicca Samuppāda Cycles Initiated?
    • Paṭicca Samuppāda Cycles
      • Avyākata Paṭicca Samuppāda for Vipāka Viññāṇa
      • Akusala-Mūla Upapatti Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Uppatti Paṭicca Samuppāda (How We Create Our Own Rebirths)
      • Kusala-Mula Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Idappaccayātā Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Close
    • Patilōma Paticca Samuppāda – Key to Nibbāna
    • Paṭicca Samuppāda in Plain English
      • Introduction – What is Suffering?
      • Introduction -2 – The Three Categories of Suffering
      • Avijjā paccayā sankhārā
      • Sankhara paccaya Vinnana – 1
      • Sankhara paccaya Vinnana – 2
      • Viññāna Paccayā Nāmarūpa
      • Nāmarūpa Paccayā Salāyatana
      • Difference between Phassa and Samphassa
      • Phassa paccaya Vedana….to Bhava
      • Bhava paccaya Jati….Jara, Marana,…
      • Close
    • Imasmim Sati Idam Hoti – What Does It Really Mean?
    • Paṭṭhāna Dhamma
      • Pattana Dhamma – Connection to Cause and Effect (Hethu Phala)
      • What Does “Paccayā” Mean in Paṭicca Samuppāda?
      • Anantara and Samanantara Paccayā
      • Āsēvana and Aññamañña Paccayā
      • Close
    • Close
  • Is There a “Self”?
    • Citta – Basis of Our Experience and Actions
    • Vipāka Vēdanā and “Samphassa jā Vēdanā” in a Sensory Event
    • Kāma Guṇa – Origin of Attachment (Tanhā)
    • Vision Is a Series of “Snapshots” – Movie Analogy
    • Do I Have “A Mind” That Is Fixed and “Mine”?
    • Chachakka Sutta – No “Self” in Initial Sensory Experience
    • Sakkāya Ditthi in Terms of Attā or “Self” or “Ātma”
    • An Apparent “Self” Is Involved in Kamma Generation
    • Paticca Samuppāda – Not ‘Self’ or ‘No-Self’
      • Tanhā – The Origin of Suffering
      • Paṭicca Samuppāda – A “Self” Exists Due to Avijjā
      • Kamma, Saṅkhāra, and Abhisaṅkhāra – What Is “Intention”?
      • Vacī Saṅkhāra – Saṅkappa (Conscious Thoughts) and Vācā (Speech)
      • Tanhā Paccayā Upādāna – Critical Step in Paticca Samuppāda
      • Mōha/Avijjā and Vipāka Viññāṇa/Kamma Viññāṇa
      • Icchā (Cravings) Lead to Upādāna and to Eventual Suffering
      • Dhammā, Kamma, Saṅkhāra, Mind – Critical Connections
      • Paticca Samuppāda – From Mind to Matter
      • Close
    • Close
  • Dhamma and Philosophy
    • Dhamma and Philosophy – Introduction
    • The Infinity Problem in Buddhism
    • Is Buddha Dhamma (Buddhism) a Religion?
    • Philosophy of the Mind
    • Free Will in Buddhism – Connection to Sankhara
    • Book Reviews
      • “Why Does the World Exist?” by Jim Holt
      • “The Language of God” by Francis Collins
      • “Waking Up” by Sam Harris
      • “Spark” by John Ratey
      • “The Life of the Buddha” by Bhikkhu Nānamoli
      • Close
    • Close
  • Bhāvanā (Meditation)
    • 1. Introduction to Buddhist Meditation
    • 2. The Basics in Meditation
    • 3. The Second Level – Key to Purify the Mind
    • 4. What Do All These Different Meditation Techniques Mean?
    • 5. Ariya Metta Bhāvana (Loving Kindness Meditation)
    • 6. Anāpānasati Bhāvanā (Introduction)
    • 7. What is Ānāpāna?
    • Is Ānāpānasati Breath Meditation?
    • 8. The Basic Formal Anāpānasati Meditation
    • Karaniya Metta Sutta – Metta Bhavana
    • Possible Effects in Meditation – Kundalini Awakening
    • 9. Key to Anapanasati – How to Change Habits and Character (Gathi)
    • 11. Magga Phala via Cultivation of Satta Bojjhaṅga
    • 10. Attaining the Sotāpanna Stage via Removing Ditthasava
    • 12. Key Factors to be Considered when “Meditating” for the Sotapanna Stage
    • 13. Kammaṭṭhāna (Recitations) for the Sotāpanna Stage
    • Possible Outcomes of Meditation – Samadhi, Jhana, Magga Phala
    • What is Samadhi? – Three Kinds of Mindfulness
    • Getting to Samādhi via Formal Mediation Sessions
    • Are You Not Getting Expected Results from Meditation?
    • Anussati and Anupassanā – Being Mindful and Removing Defilements
    • Myths about Meditation
    • A Simple Way to Enhance Merits (Kusala) and Avoid Demerits (Akusala)
    • Close
  • Abhidhamma
    • Abhidhamma – Introduction
    • Essential Abhidhamma – The Basics
      • Amazingly Fast Time Evolution of a Thought (Citta)
      • The Amazing Mind – Critical Role of Nāmagotta (Memories)
      • Citta and Cetasika – How Vinnana (Consciousness) Arises
      • State of Mind in the Absence of Citta Vithi – Bhavanga
      • Bhava and Bhavaṅga – Simply Explained!
      • Citta Vithi – Processing of Sense Inputs
      • Javana of a Citta – The Root of Mental Power
      • Cetasika – Connection to Gati
      • Close
    • Mind and Consciousness
      • What is Mind? How do we Experience the Outside World?
      • What is a Thought?
      • What is in a Thought? Why Gati are so Important?
      • What is Consciousness?
      • 1. Thoughts (Citta), Consciousness (Vinnana), and Mind (Hadaya Vatthu) – Introduction
      • 2. Viññāṇa (Consciousness) can be of Many Different Types and Forms
      • 3. Viññāṇa, Thoughts, and the Subconscious
      • Close
    • Gandhabba (Manomaya Kaya)
      • Gandhabba (Manomaya Kāya)- Introduction
      • Hidden World of the Gandhabba: Netherworld (Paralōka)
      • Ghost in the Machine – Synonym for the Manomaya Kaya?
      • Manomaya Kaya (Gandhabba) and the Physical Body
      • Brain – Interface between Mind and Body
      • Out-of-Body Experience (OBE) and Manōmaya Kāya
      • Cuti-Patisandhi – An Abhidhamma Description
      • Close
    • Abhidhamma via Science
      • Neuroscience says there is no Free Will? – That is a Misinterpretation!
      • The Double Slit Experiment – Correlation between Mind and Matter?
      • Vision (Cakkhu Viññāṇa) is Not Just Seeing
      • Close
    • Why Do People Enjoy Immoral Deeds? – Ditthi Is Key
    • The Origin of Matter – Suddhashtaka
    • Key to Sotapanna Stage – Ditthi and Vicikicca
    • What are Dhamma? – A Deeper Analysis
    • Pabhassara Citta, Radiant Mind, and Bhavaṅga
    • Close
  • Historical Background
    • Historical Background – Introduction
    • Methods of Delivery of Dhamma by the Buddha
    • Misconceptions on the Topics the Buddha “Refused to Answer”
    • Misinterpretations of Buddha Dhamma
    • “Tipiṭaka English” Convention Adopted by Early European Scholars – Part 1
    • Historical Timeline of Edward Conze
    • Preservation of the Buddha Dhamma
    • Why is it Critical to Find the Pure Buddha Dhamma?
    • Key Problems with Mahāyāna Teachings
    • Saddharma Pundarika Sutra (Lotus Sutra) – A Focused Analysis
    • What is Suñyāta or Suññāta (Emptiness)?
    • Incorrect Theravada Interpretations – Historical Timeline
    • Buddhaghosa and Visuddhimagga – Historical Background
    • Tipitaka Commentaries – Helpful or Misleading?
    • Buddhaghosa’s Visuddhimagga – A Focused Analysis
    • Background on the Current Revival of Buddhism (Buddha Dhamma)
    • Misinterpretation of Anicca and Anatta by Early European Scholars
    • Close
  • Buddhist Chanting
    • Buddhist Chanting – Introduction
    • Namaskaraya – Homage to the Buddha
    • Sutta Chanting (with Pāli Text)
    • Supreme Qualities of Buddha, Dhamma, Saṅgha
    • The Five Precepts – Panca Sila
    • Sadhu – Symbolizes Purified Hadaya Vatthu (Mind)
    • Close
  • Dhammapada
    • Manōpubbangamā Dhammā..
    • Sabba Papassa Akaranan….
    • Najajja Vasalo Hoti……
    • Appamādō Amata Padam….
    • Arōgyā Paramā Lābhā..
    • Anicca vata Sankhara…
    • Attā Hi Attanō Nāthō
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  • Sutta Interpretations
    • Mahā Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta
      • Satipatthana Sutta – Structure
      • Satipatthana – Introduction
      • Kāyānupassanā – Section on Postures (Iriyapathapabba)
      • Kāyānupassanā – The Section on Habits (Sampajānapabba)
      • Prerequisites for the Satipaṭṭhāna Bhāvanā
      • What is “Kāya” in Kāyānupassanā?
      • Close
    • Sutta – Introduction
    • Pali Dictionaries – Are They Reliable?
    • Nikāya in the Sutta Piṭaka
    • Sutta Learning Sequence for the Present Day
    • Mahā Cattārisaka Sutta (Discourse on the Great Forty)
    • Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
      • Majjhimā Paṭipadā – Way to Relinquish Attachments to this World
      • Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta – Introduction
      • Essence of Buddhism – In the First Sutta
      • Tiparivatta and Twelve Types of Ñāṇa (Knowledge)
      • Relinquishing Defilements via Three Rounds and Four Stages
      • Close
    • Anguttara Nikāya – Suttā on Key Concepts
      • Dasa Akusala/Dasa Kusala – Basis of Buddha Dhamma -2
      • Dasa Akusala/Dasa Kusala – Basis of Buddha Dhamma
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    • Na Cēta­nākara­nīya Sutta
    • Pathama Metta Sutta
    • Kukkuravatika Sutta (Majjhima Nikāya 57) – Kammakkhaya
    • Buddhism and Evolution – Aggañña Sutta (DN 27)
    • Yamaka Sutta (SN 22.85) – Arahanthood Is Not Annihilation but End of Suffering
    • Tapussa Sutta (AN 9.41)– Akuppā Cētōvimutti
    • Three Types of “Bodies” – Poṭṭhapāda Sutta (DN 9)
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  • Myths or Realities?
    • Animisa Locana Bodhi Poojawa – A Prelude to Acts of Gratitude
    • Paramita and Niyata Vivarana – Myths or Realities?
    • Tisarana Vandana and Its Effects on One’s Gathi
    • Does the Hell (Niraya) Exist?
    • Can Buddhist Meditation be Dangerous?
    • Boy Who Remembered Pāli Suttas for 1500 Years
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  • Forums
  • About
  • Quantum Mechanics and Dhamma
    • Quantum Mechanics and Dhamma – Introduction
    • Quantum Mechanics and Consciousness
      • Will Quantum Mechanics Be Able to Explain Consciousness?
      • The Observer Effect in Quantum Mechanics
      • Close
    • Quantum Mechanics – A New Interpretation
      • What Is a Wave and What Is a Particle?
      • Photons Are Particles Not Waves
      • Basis of the Proposed Interpretation – Feynman’s Technique in QED
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  • Welcome!
  • Buddha Dhamma
    • User’s Guide to Pure Dhamma Website
    • Buddha Dhamma – A Scientific Approach
      • Introduction – A Scientific Approach to Buddha Dhamma
      • Theories of Our World – Scientific Overview
      • Mind and Matter – Buddhist Analysis
      • Sensual Pleasures – The Hidden Suffering
      • Kammic Energy Leads to Consciousness
      • Brain and the Gandhabba
      • Our Two Worlds – Rupa Loka and Nāma Loka
      • Tipitaka – A Systematic Approach
      • Antarābhava and Gandhabba
    • Buddhahood Associated Controversies
      • Buddhahood Controversies – Introduction
      • Pāṭihāriya (Supernormal Abilities) of a Buddha – Part I
      • Pāṭihāriya (Supernormal Abilities) of a Buddha – Part II
    • What is Buddha Dhamma?
    • Foundation of Dhamma
    • The Importance of Purifying the Mind
    • The Grand Unified Theory of Dhamma
      • The Grand Unified Theory of Dhamma – Introduction
      • Our Two Worlds: Material and Immaterial
      • Gandhabbaya – Only in Human and Animal Realms
      • Body Types in 31 Realms – Importance of Manomaya Kaya
      • 31 Realms Associated with the Earth
      • Gandhabba Sensing the World – With and Without a Physical Body
      • Nibbāna in the Big Picture
    • Buddha Dhamma: Non-Perceivability and Self-Consistency
    • Samsāric Time Scale, Buddhist Cosmology, and the Big Bang Theory
    • Evidence for Rebirth
    • Power of the Human Mind
      • Power of the Human Mind – Introduction
      • Difference Between Jhāna and Stages of Nibbāna
      • Power of the Human Mind – Anariya or Mundane Jhānas
      • Power of the Human Mind – Ariya Jhānas
      • Are There Procedures for Attaining Magga Phala, Jhāna and Abhiññā?
    • Transfer of Merits (Pattidāna) – How Does it Happen?
    • First Noble Truth is Suffering? Myths about Suffering
    • Vinaya – The Nature Likes to be in Equilibrium
  • Elephants in the Room
    • Word-for-Word Translation of the Tipiṭaka
      • “Elephant in the Room” – Direct Translation of the Tipiṭaka
      • Niddesa (Brief Description) of Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Paṭicca Samuppāda During a Lifetime
      • Often Mistranslated Pāli Keywords
    • Elephant in the Room 2 – Jhāna and Kasiṇa
      • Samādhi, Jhāna, and Sammā Samādhi
      • Jhāna, Jhāya, and Jhāyi – Different Meanings
    • Elephant in the Room 3 – Ānāpānasati
      • Ānāpānasati – Overview
      • Assāsa Passāsa – What Do They Mean?
      • Ānāpānasati Not About Breath – Icchā­naṅga­la Sutta
      • Mahārāhulovāda Sutta and Ānāpānasati
    • Elephant in the Room 4 – Gandhabba/Manomaya Kāya
      • Does Gandhabba Mean “Semen”?
  • Key Dhamma Concepts
    • Basic Framework of Buddha Dhamma
      • Buddha Dhamma – Noble Truths, Paṭicca Samuppāda, Tilakkhaṇa
      • Noble Truths, Paṭicca Samuppāda, Tilakkhana – Key Relationships
      • Anicca Nature, the First Noble Truth, and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Tilakkhaṇa – Introduction
    • San – A Critical Pāli Root
      • What is “San”? Meaning of Sansāra (or Saṃsāra)
      • Sankhāra, Kamma, Kamma Bīja, Kamma Vipāka
      • Sankhara – Life is a Bundle of Sankhara
      • Kamma are Done with Saṅkhāra – Types of Saṅkhāra
    • Nibbāna
      • Nibbana “Exists”, but Not in This World
      • Nibbana – Is it Difficult to Understand?
      • The Four Stages in Attaining Nibbāna
      • What Are Rūpa? (Relation to Nibbāna)
      • Nirāmisa Sukha
      • Does the First Noble Truth Describe only Suffering?
      • Nirödha and Vaya – Two Different Concepts
    • Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta
      • Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta – Wrong Interpretations
      • Anatta and Dukkha – True Meanings
      • Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta – According to Some Key Suttas
      • Anicca – True Meaning
      • Anattā – A Systematic Analysis
      • Tilakkhaṇa – English Discourses
      • The Way to Nibbāna – Transcription of a Discourse by Waharaka Thero
      • Sotāpanna Stage and Tilakkhaṇa
      • Why are Tilakkhaṇa not Included in 37 Factors of Enlightenment?
      • Two Versions of 37 Factors of Enlightenment
      • Types of Bodies in 31 Realms – Connection to Jhāna
      • Finest Manōmaya Kaya of an Arūpāvacara Brahma
    • Gati, Bhava, and Jāti
      • Namagotta, Bhava, Kamma Bīja, and Mano Loka (Mind Plane)
      • Gati and Bhava – Many Varieties
      • Gathi to Bhava to Jathi – Ours to Control
      • Memory, Brain, Mind, Nama Loka, Kamma Bhava, Kamma Vipāka
      • Bhava and Jāti – States of Existence and Births Therein
      • Cuti and Marana – Related to Bhava and Jāti
      • Anusaya, Gati, Bhava – Connection to Manomaya Kāya (Gandhabba)
      • Difference Between Taṇhā and Upādāna
      • Pāpa Kamma Versus Akusala Kamma
    • Sorting out Some Key Pāli Terms (Taṇhā, Lobha, Dosa, Moha, etc)
      • Kāma Taṇhā, Bhava Taṇhā, Vibhava Taṇhā
      • Taṇhā – How We Attach Via Greed, Hate, and Ignorance
      • Lōbha, Rāga and Kāmacchanda, Kāmarāga
      • Lōbha, Dōsa, Mōha versus Rāga, Paṭigha, Avijjā
      • What is Avijjā (Ignorance)?
      • Vedanā (Feelings) Arise in Two Ways
      • Indriya and Āyatana – Big Difference
      • Hetu-Phala, Paccuppanna, and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Diṭṭhi (Wrong Views), Sammā Diṭṭhi (Good/Correct Views)
      • Correct Meaning of Vacī Saṅkhāra
      • Panca Indriya and Panca Bala – Five Faculties and Five Powers
      • Kāmaccandha and Icca – Being Blinded by Cravings
    • The Five Aggregates (Pañcakkhandha)
      • Five Aggregates – Introduction
      • Difference Between Physical Rūpa and Rūpakkhandha
      • Rūpakkhandha and Rūpa Upādānakkhandha
      • Arising of Five Aggregates Based on an Ārammaṇa
      • Memory Records- Critical Part of Five Aggregates
      • Pañca Upādānakkhandhā – Introduction
      • Five Aggregates – Connection to Tilakkhaṇa
      • Viññāṇa (Defiled Consciousness)
      • Rupa (Material Form)
      • Pancakkhandha or Five Aggregates – A Misinterpreted Concept
      • Pañcupādānakkhandha – It is All Mental
    • Nāma & Rūpa to Nāmarūpa
      • Mental Aggregates
      • Rupa Aggregate
      • Viññāṇa Aggregate
      • Nāmarūpa Formation
  • Living Dhamma
    • Essential Buddhism
      • Four Noble Truths – Suffering and Its Elimination
      • Introduction to Citta, Vēdanā, Saññā, Saṅkhāra, and Viññāṇa
      • Breath Meditation Is Addictive and Harmful in the Long Run
      • Viññāṇa – Consciousness Together With Future Expectations
      • Connection Between Saṅkhāra and Viññāṇa
      • Viññāna and Saṅkhāra – Connection to Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Ānapānasati Eliminates Mental Stress Permanently
      • Ānāpāna and Satipaṭṭhāna – Fundamentals
      • Sati in Ānāpānasati/Satipaṭṭhāna – Two Meanings of Sati
    • Living Dhamma – Overview
      • Living Dhamma – Introduction
      • Niramisa Sukha to Nibbana Suva – The Key Step
      • Starting on the Path Even without Belief in Rebirth
    • Dhamma with Less Pāli
      • Buddha Dhamma for an Inquiring Mind – Part I
      • Root of All Suffering – Ten Immoral Actions
      • Is Suffering the Same as the First Noble Truth on Suffering?
      • Dhamma, Saṅkhāra, Sankata, Rupa, Viññāṇa, Gati, Āsava, Anusaya
      • Complexity of the Mind – Viññāna and Sankhāra
      • Citta, Manō, Viññāna – Nine Stages of a Thought
    • Living Dhamma – Fundamentals
      • What Are Kilesa (Mental Impurities)? – Connection to Cetasika
      • Suffering in This Life – Role of Mental Impurities
      • Satipattana Sutta – Relevance to Suffering in This Life
      • How Are Gati and Kilesa Incorporated into Thoughts?
      • Noble Eightfold Path – Role of Sobhana Cetasika
      • Getting to Samadhi
      • Sexual Orientation – Effects of Kamma and Gathi (Sankhara)
    • Mundane Sammā Samadhi
      • Micca Ditthi – Connection to Hethu Phala (Cause and Effect)
      • Suffering in This Life and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Suffering in This Life and Paṭicca Samuppāda II
    • Transition to Noble Eightfold Path
      • Is It Necessary for a Buddhist to Eliminate Sensual Desires?
      • Sīla, Samādhi, Paññā to Paññā, Sīla, Samādhi
      • Ye Dhammā Hetuppabhavā.. and Yam Kiñci Samudaya Dhammam..
    • Samādhi, Jhāna (Dhyāna), Magga Phala
      • Samādhi, Jhāna, Magga Phala – Introduction
      • Vitakka, Vicāra, Savitakka, Savicāra, and Avitakka, Avicāra
      • Jhānic Experience in Detail – Sāmañ­ña­phala Sutta (DN 2)
      • Ascendance to Nibbāna via Jhāna (Dhyāna)
      • Pannāvimutti – Arahanthood without Jhāna
      • Mundane versus Supramundane Jhāna
      • Nirōdha Samāpatti, Phala Samāpatti, Jhāna, and Jhāna Samāpatti
    • Mental Body – Gandhabbaya
      • Our Mental Body – Gandhabbaya
      • Gandhabba State – Evidence from Tipiṭaka
      • Antarābhava and Gandhabba
      • Ānantariya Kamma – Connection to Gandhabba
      • Mental Body (Gandhabbaya) – Personal Accounts
      • Abnormal Births Due to Gandhabba Transformations
      • Satara Āhāra for Mental Body or Gandhabba
      • Micchā Diṭṭhi, Gandhabba, and Sōtapanna Stage
      • Working of Kammā – Critical Role of Conditions
  • Dhamma and Science
    • Dhamma and Science – Introduction
    • Good Explanations – Key to Weeding Out Bad Versions of Dhamma
    • Origin of Life
      • Origin of Life – There is No Traceable Origin
      • Human Life – A Mental Base (Gandhabba) and a Material Base (Cell)
      • Clarification of “Mental Body” and “Physical Body” – Different Types of “Kāya”
      • Four Types of Births in Buddhism
      • Buddhist Explanations of Conception, Abortion, and Contraception
      • Cloning and Gandhabba
      • Living Cell – How Did the First Cell Come to Existence?
      • Mystical Phenomena in Buddhism?
      • Views on Life
      • Origin of Life – One Creates One’s Own Future Lives
    • Consciousness – A Dhamma Perspective
    • Buddhism – Consistencies with Science
    • Buddhism – Inconsistencies with Science
  • Three Levels of Practice
    • Moral Living and Fundamentals
      • The Basics
      • Calming the Mind
      • Buddha Dhamma and Buddhism
      • Dhamma Concepts
      • Buddha Dhamma and Morality
    • Working Towards Good Rebirths
      • Saṃsāric Habits, Character (Gati), and Cravings (Āsava)
      • Complexity of Life and the Way to Seek “Good Rebirths”
      • Three Kinds of Diṭṭhi, Eightfold Paths, and Samadhi
      • Rebirth – Connection to Suffering in the First Noble Truth
      • How the Buddha Described the Chance of Rebirth in the Human Realm
      • Kamma, Debt, and Meditation
      • Implications of the Rebirth Process in Daily Life and in Society
      • How do we Decide which View is Wrong View (Diṭṭhi)?
      • What Does Buddha Dhamma Say about Creator, Satan, Angels, and Demons?
      • Patisandhi Citta – How the Next Life is Determined According to Gathi
    • Seeking Nibbāna
      • Aṭṭha Purisa Puggalā- Eight Noble Persons
      • Āsava, Anusaya, and Gati (Gathi)
      • The Way to Nibbana – Removal of Asavas
      • Kanha (Dark) and Sukka (Bright) Kamma and Kammakkhaya
      • Dasa Samyojana – Bonds in Rebirth Process
      • The Cooling Down Process (Nibbana) – How Root Causes are Removed
      • Why is Correct Interpretation of Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta so Important?
      • How to Cultivate the Noble Eightfold Path starting with Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta
      • Difference Between Giving Up Valuables and Losing Interest in Worthless
    • Sotapanna Stage of Nibbana
      • The Sōtapanna Stage
      • Why a Sotāpanna is Better off than any King, Emperor, or a Billionaire
      • Myths about the Sotāpanna Stage
      • Sōtapanna Anugāmi and a Sōtapanna
      • Sōtapanna Anugāmi – No More Births in the Apāyās
      • Four Conditions for Attaining Sōtapanna Magga/Phala
      • Sotapatti Anga – The Four Qualities of a Sotapanna
      • Sammā Diṭṭhi – Realization, Not Memorization
      • How Does One Know whether the Sōtapanna Stage is Reached?
      • Assāda, Ādīnava, Nissarana
      • Sakkāya Diṭṭhi is Personality (Me) View?
      • Akusala Citta – How a Sotapanna Avoids Apayagami Citta
      • What is the only Akusala Removed by a Sōtapanna?
      • Udayavaya Ñāna
  • Tables and Summaries
    • Pali Glossary – (A-K)
    • The 89 (121) Types of Citta
    • Rupa (Material Form) – Table
    • Pali Glossary – (L-Z)
    • Cetasika (Mental Factors)
    • Rupa – Generation Mechanisms
    • Rupa Kalāpa (Grouping of Matter)
    • List of “San” Words and Other Pāli Roots
    • Akusala Citta and Akusala Vipāka Citta
    • 37 Factors of Enlightenment
    • Conditions for the Four Stages of Nibbāna
    • Ultimate Realities – Table
    • 31 Realms of Existence
  • Paṭicca Samuppāda
    • Paticca Samuppada – “Pati+ichcha”+”Sama+uppäda”
    • Paticca Samuppada – Overview
    • Paṭicca Samuppāda – Essential Concepts
      • Nibbāna – Rāgakkhaya Dosakkhaya Mohakkhaya – Part 1
      • Pañca Nīvaraṇa and Sensual Pleasures (Kāma Rāga)
      • What is “Käma”? It is not Sex
      • Icchā, Taṇhā, Kāma – Root Causes of Suffering
      • Jāti – Different Types of Births
      • Bhava – Kammic Energy That Can Power an Existence
      • Bhava and Punabbhava – Kammic Energy Giving Rise to Renewed Existence
      • Concepts of Upādāna and Upādānakkhandha
      • Six Root Causes – Loka Samudaya (Arising of Suffering) and Loka Nirodhaya (Nibbana)
    • Kamma and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Kamma and Paṭicca Samuppāda – Introduction
      • Dhamma and Dhammā – Different but Related
      • Difference Between Dhammā and Saṅkhāra
      • Kāma Assāda – A Root Cause of Suffering
      • Gati (Habits/Character) Determine Births – Saṃsappanīya Sutta
    • Paṭicca Samuppāda, Tilakkhana, Four Noble Truths
      • Paṭicca Samuppāda – Introduction
      • What Did the Buddha Mean by a “Loka”?
      • Future Suffering (Loka/Dukkha Samudaya) Starts With Sensory Input (Ārammaṇa)
      • Sotapanna – One With the “Wider Worldview” of the Buddha
      • Sotapannā – Just Starting on the Noble Path
      • Yoniso Manasikāra and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Dhamma – Different Meanings Depending on the Context
      • Dhammā­nu­dhamma Paṭi­patti – Connection to Paṭicca Samuppāda/Tilakkhana
    • Sakkāya Diṭṭhi and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Sakkāya Diṭṭhi – Wrong View of “Me” and “Mine”
      • What Reincarnates? – Concept of a Lifestream
      • Anatta and Sakkāya Diṭṭhi – Two Different Concepts
    • Understanding the Terms in Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Distortion of Pāli Keywords in Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Saṅkhāra – Many Meanings
      • Viññāṇa – Two Critical Meanings
      • Memory, Dhammā, and Viññāṇa Dhātu
      • Citta Vithi – Fundamental Sensory Unit
      • Does any Object (Rupa) Last only 17 Thought Moments?
      • Phassa (Contact) – Contact With Pasāda Rupa
      • Arising of the Five Aggregates With an Ārammaṇa
    • How Are Paṭicca Samuppāda Cycles Initiated?
    • Paṭicca Samuppāda Cycles
      • Avyākata Paṭicca Samuppāda for Vipāka Viññāṇa
      • Akusala-Mūla Upapatti Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Uppatti Paṭicca Samuppāda (How We Create Our Own Rebirths)
      • Kusala-Mula Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Idappaccayātā Paṭicca Samuppāda
    • Patilōma Paticca Samuppāda – Key to Nibbāna
    • Paṭicca Samuppāda in Plain English
      • Introduction – What is Suffering?
      • Introduction -2 – The Three Categories of Suffering
      • Avijjā paccayā sankhārā
      • Sankhara paccaya Vinnana – 1
      • Sankhara paccaya Vinnana – 2
      • Viññāna Paccayā Nāmarūpa
      • Nāmarūpa Paccayā Salāyatana
      • Difference between Phassa and Samphassa
      • Phassa paccaya Vedana….to Bhava
      • Bhava paccaya Jati….Jara, Marana,…
    • Imasmim Sati Idam Hoti – What Does It Really Mean?
    • Paṭṭhāna Dhamma
      • Pattana Dhamma – Connection to Cause and Effect (Hethu Phala)
      • What Does “Paccayā” Mean in Paṭicca Samuppāda?
      • Anantara and Samanantara Paccayā
      • Āsēvana and Aññamañña Paccayā
  • Is There a “Self”?
    • Citta – Basis of Our Experience and Actions
    • Vipāka Vēdanā and “Samphassa jā Vēdanā” in a Sensory Event
    • Kāma Guṇa – Origin of Attachment (Tanhā)
    • Vision Is a Series of “Snapshots” – Movie Analogy
    • Do I Have “A Mind” That Is Fixed and “Mine”?
    • Chachakka Sutta – No “Self” in Initial Sensory Experience
    • Sakkāya Ditthi in Terms of Attā or “Self” or “Ātma”
    • An Apparent “Self” Is Involved in Kamma Generation
    • Paticca Samuppāda – Not ‘Self’ or ‘No-Self’
      • Tanhā – The Origin of Suffering
      • Paṭicca Samuppāda – A “Self” Exists Due to Avijjā
      • Kamma, Saṅkhāra, and Abhisaṅkhāra – What Is “Intention”?
      • Vacī Saṅkhāra – Saṅkappa (Conscious Thoughts) and Vācā (Speech)
      • Tanhā Paccayā Upādāna – Critical Step in Paticca Samuppāda
      • Mōha/Avijjā and Vipāka Viññāṇa/Kamma Viññāṇa
      • Icchā (Cravings) Lead to Upādāna and to Eventual Suffering
      • Dhammā, Kamma, Saṅkhāra, Mind – Critical Connections
      • Paticca Samuppāda – From Mind to Matter
  • Dhamma and Philosophy
    • Dhamma and Philosophy – Introduction
    • The Infinity Problem in Buddhism
    • Is Buddha Dhamma (Buddhism) a Religion?
    • Philosophy of the Mind
    • Free Will in Buddhism – Connection to Sankhara
    • Book Reviews
      • “Why Does the World Exist?” by Jim Holt
      • “The Language of God” by Francis Collins
      • “Waking Up” by Sam Harris
      • “Spark” by John Ratey
      • “The Life of the Buddha” by Bhikkhu Nānamoli
  • Bhāvanā (Meditation)
    • 1. Introduction to Buddhist Meditation
    • 2. The Basics in Meditation
    • 3. The Second Level – Key to Purify the Mind
    • 4. What Do All These Different Meditation Techniques Mean?
    • 5. Ariya Metta Bhāvana (Loving Kindness Meditation)
    • 6. Anāpānasati Bhāvanā (Introduction)
    • 7. What is Ānāpāna?
    • Is Ānāpānasati Breath Meditation?
    • 8. The Basic Formal Anāpānasati Meditation
    • Karaniya Metta Sutta – Metta Bhavana
    • Possible Effects in Meditation – Kundalini Awakening
    • 9. Key to Anapanasati – How to Change Habits and Character (Gathi)
    • 11. Magga Phala via Cultivation of Satta Bojjhaṅga
    • 10. Attaining the Sotāpanna Stage via Removing Ditthasava
    • 12. Key Factors to be Considered when “Meditating” for the Sotapanna Stage
    • 13. Kammaṭṭhāna (Recitations) for the Sotāpanna Stage
    • Possible Outcomes of Meditation – Samadhi, Jhana, Magga Phala
    • What is Samadhi? – Three Kinds of Mindfulness
    • Getting to Samādhi via Formal Mediation Sessions
    • Are You Not Getting Expected Results from Meditation?
    • Anussati and Anupassanā – Being Mindful and Removing Defilements
    • Myths about Meditation
    • A Simple Way to Enhance Merits (Kusala) and Avoid Demerits (Akusala)
  • Abhidhamma
    • Abhidhamma – Introduction
    • Essential Abhidhamma – The Basics
      • Amazingly Fast Time Evolution of a Thought (Citta)
      • The Amazing Mind – Critical Role of Nāmagotta (Memories)
      • Citta and Cetasika – How Vinnana (Consciousness) Arises
      • State of Mind in the Absence of Citta Vithi – Bhavanga
      • Bhava and Bhavaṅga – Simply Explained!
      • Citta Vithi – Processing of Sense Inputs
      • Javana of a Citta – The Root of Mental Power
      • Cetasika – Connection to Gati
    • Mind and Consciousness
      • What is Mind? How do we Experience the Outside World?
      • What is a Thought?
      • What is in a Thought? Why Gati are so Important?
      • What is Consciousness?
      • 1. Thoughts (Citta), Consciousness (Vinnana), and Mind (Hadaya Vatthu) – Introduction
      • 2. Viññāṇa (Consciousness) can be of Many Different Types and Forms
      • 3. Viññāṇa, Thoughts, and the Subconscious
    • Gandhabba (Manomaya Kaya)
      • Gandhabba (Manomaya Kāya)- Introduction
      • Hidden World of the Gandhabba: Netherworld (Paralōka)
      • Ghost in the Machine – Synonym for the Manomaya Kaya?
      • Manomaya Kaya (Gandhabba) and the Physical Body
      • Brain – Interface between Mind and Body
      • Out-of-Body Experience (OBE) and Manōmaya Kāya
      • Cuti-Patisandhi – An Abhidhamma Description
    • Abhidhamma via Science
      • Neuroscience says there is no Free Will? – That is a Misinterpretation!
      • The Double Slit Experiment – Correlation between Mind and Matter?
      • Vision (Cakkhu Viññāṇa) is Not Just Seeing
    • Why Do People Enjoy Immoral Deeds? – Ditthi Is Key
    • The Origin of Matter – Suddhashtaka
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    • What are Dhamma? – A Deeper Analysis
    • Pabhassara Citta, Radiant Mind, and Bhavaṅga
  • Historical Background
    • Historical Background – Introduction
    • Methods of Delivery of Dhamma by the Buddha
    • Misconceptions on the Topics the Buddha “Refused to Answer”
    • Misinterpretations of Buddha Dhamma
    • “Tipiṭaka English” Convention Adopted by Early European Scholars – Part 1
    • Historical Timeline of Edward Conze
    • Preservation of the Buddha Dhamma
    • Why is it Critical to Find the Pure Buddha Dhamma?
    • Key Problems with Mahāyāna Teachings
    • Saddharma Pundarika Sutra (Lotus Sutra) – A Focused Analysis
    • What is Suñyāta or Suññāta (Emptiness)?
    • Incorrect Theravada Interpretations – Historical Timeline
    • Buddhaghosa and Visuddhimagga – Historical Background
    • Tipitaka Commentaries – Helpful or Misleading?
    • Buddhaghosa’s Visuddhimagga – A Focused Analysis
    • Background on the Current Revival of Buddhism (Buddha Dhamma)
    • Misinterpretation of Anicca and Anatta by Early European Scholars
  • Buddhist Chanting
    • Buddhist Chanting – Introduction
    • Namaskaraya – Homage to the Buddha
    • Sutta Chanting (with Pāli Text)
    • Supreme Qualities of Buddha, Dhamma, Saṅgha
    • The Five Precepts – Panca Sila
    • Sadhu – Symbolizes Purified Hadaya Vatthu (Mind)
  • Dhammapada
    • Manōpubbangamā Dhammā..
    • Sabba Papassa Akaranan….
    • Najajja Vasalo Hoti……
    • Appamādō Amata Padam….
    • Arōgyā Paramā Lābhā..
    • Anicca vata Sankhara…
    • Attā Hi Attanō Nāthō
  • Sutta Interpretations
    • Mahā Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta
      • Satipatthana Sutta – Structure
      • Satipatthana – Introduction
      • Kāyānupassanā – Section on Postures (Iriyapathapabba)
      • Kāyānupassanā – The Section on Habits (Sampajānapabba)
      • Prerequisites for the Satipaṭṭhāna Bhāvanā
      • What is “Kāya” in Kāyānupassanā?
    • Sutta – Introduction
    • Pali Dictionaries – Are They Reliable?
    • Nikāya in the Sutta Piṭaka
    • Sutta Learning Sequence for the Present Day
    • Mahā Cattārisaka Sutta (Discourse on the Great Forty)
    • Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
      • Majjhimā Paṭipadā – Way to Relinquish Attachments to this World
      • Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta – Introduction
      • Essence of Buddhism – In the First Sutta
      • Tiparivatta and Twelve Types of Ñāṇa (Knowledge)
      • Relinquishing Defilements via Three Rounds and Four Stages
    • Anguttara Nikāya – Suttā on Key Concepts
      • Dasa Akusala/Dasa Kusala – Basis of Buddha Dhamma -2
      • Dasa Akusala/Dasa Kusala – Basis of Buddha Dhamma
    • Na Cēta­nākara­nīya Sutta
    • Pathama Metta Sutta
    • Kukkuravatika Sutta (Majjhima Nikāya 57) – Kammakkhaya
    • Buddhism and Evolution – Aggañña Sutta (DN 27)
    • Yamaka Sutta (SN 22.85) – Arahanthood Is Not Annihilation but End of Suffering
    • Tapussa Sutta (AN 9.41)– Akuppā Cētōvimutti
    • Three Types of “Bodies” – Poṭṭhapāda Sutta (DN 9)
  • Myths or Realities?
    • Animisa Locana Bodhi Poojawa – A Prelude to Acts of Gratitude
    • Paramita and Niyata Vivarana – Myths or Realities?
    • Tisarana Vandana and Its Effects on One’s Gathi
    • Does the Hell (Niraya) Exist?
    • Can Buddhist Meditation be Dangerous?
    • Boy Who Remembered Pāli Suttas for 1500 Years
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      • The Observer Effect in Quantum Mechanics
    • Quantum Mechanics – A New Interpretation
      • What Is a Wave and What Is a Particle?
      • Photons Are Particles Not Waves
      • Basis of the Proposed Interpretation – Feynman’s Technique in QED

Home » Three Levels of Practice » Moral Living and Fundamentals » Buddha Dhamma and Morality

Buddha Dhamma and Morality

Origin of Morality (and Immorality) in Buddhism

Buddhist Explanations of Conception, Abortion, and Contraception

Is Eating Meat an Akusala Kamma (Immoral Deed)?

Do Things Just Happen? – The Hidden Causes

Craving for Pornography – How to Reduce the Tendency

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