1/2/16: It seems that the audio files are not loading, so just removed the audio files.
We now have a Popup Pāli Glossary with Pronunciation.
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Possible Confusion in Pronunciation
It seems that the following conventions were adopted in order to make the text shorter.
In many cases:
1. “c” needs to be pronounced “ch” as in “charm” or “chicago”.
2. “t” needs to be pronounced “th” as in “thud” or “throw”.
- For example, citta pronounced “chiththa”, cakkhu is pronounced “chakkhu”, anicca as “anichcha”, anatta as “anaththa”, jāti as “jathi”, tanha as “thanha”, tilakkhana as “thilakkhana”.
3. “d” needs to be pronounced “th” as in “this” or “that”. Note the difference in pronouncing “th” between 2 and 3.
- For example, vedana or däna (as in giving) is pronounced this way.
Pronunciation Key
á rhymes like pat â → care ã → pay ä → father ê → pet ë → bee th → thin dh → this |
ö → toe ü → moon ch → chin ng → thing |
Common Pāli Words
I will keep adding more words to the glossary. If you would like me to add any missing words to the glossary, please send a comment.
10/6/15: I have added audio files. 1/2/16: Audio files temporarily removed.
Pāli Word | Audio | Pronunciation | Meaning |
akusala | akusala | immoral, unwholesome | |
adosa | adhösa | non-hatred | |
alobha | alöbha | non-greed | |
amoha | amöha | non-delusion | |
Anāgāmi | Anägämi | Non-Returner (to the human world) | |
Anariya | Anäriyä | One who is not yet a Noble One or Ariya | |
anatta | anaththä | not in-control, helpless | |
anicca | anichchä | inability to maintain to one’s satisfaction | |
annantara | being in storage until retrieval (kamma vipāka) | ||
anupassana | anupassanä | contemplate with anicca, dukkha, anatta | |
anusaya | defilements arising from latent cravings (asava) | ||
apāya | apäya | common term for four lowest realms | |
abhijja | abhijjä | strong greed | |
Arahant | Never to be born in any of the 31 realms | ||
Ariya | äriyä | noble one (Sotāpanna or above) | |
arupa | arüpa | without rupa (not really correct) | |
avijjā | avijjä | ignorance | |
ahirika | ahirikä | shamelessness | |
ahetuka | ahãthuka | without good roots | |
akasa | äkäsa | space (the void in between rupa) | |
aloka | älöka | light, dissociating from “this world” | |
apo | äpö | cohesive element | |
arammana | ärammana | object of thought | |
asava =asaya | asäva | deep-seated craving | |
asevana | äsãvanä | repeated practice | |
bahiddha | bahidhdhä | external | |
bala | power | ||
bhanga | bhangä | dissolution | |
bhava | existence level | ||
Bhauddhaya (Buddhist) | Bhaudhdhayä | One striving to stop the rebirth process | |
bhavana | bhävanä | meditation, constant contemplation & use | |
Buddha | Budhdha (not “Budhdhä”) | Buddha Gotama | |
bhavaṅga | bhavangä | life continuum | |
bhaya | fear | ||
citta | chiththa | early stage of a thought (pure thought) | |
dana | däna | giving | |
dasaka | decad | ||
deva | dãva | a being in 6th-11th realms | |
dhamma | dhammä | Buddha’s teachings, phenomenon, mental object | |
dhammavicaya | dhammavichaya | investigation of concepts like anicca | |
dhatu | dhäthu | element | |
diṭṭhi | view, wrong view unless specified | ||
domanassa | dhomanassa | displeasure | |
dosa | dhösa | hatred | |
dukha | dhukha | suffering | |
dukkha | dhukhkha | suffering & it can be overcome | |
dvara | dhvära | door (to the outside world) | |
ekaggata | ekaggathä | one-pointedness (of the mind) | |
gandha | smell | ||
gati | gati | character | |
hadayavatthu | hadayavaththu | seat of mind | |
hetu | hãthu | root cause | |
hiri | shame | ||
iddhipada | iddhipäda | means to accomplishment | |
kāmachanda | kāmachanda | greed for things in kāmaloka | |
kāmaloka | kāmalõka | first 11 realms with five physical senses | |
kāmavacara | kāmavachara | belonging to kāmaloka | |
kamma | kammä | action, deed | |
kasina | kasina | meditation device (usu. a colored disk) | |
kaya | käya | sensing (seeing, hearing, etc) | |
kaya | kaya | body | |
khaya | cutting off | ||
khana | moment, sub-moment | ||
khandha | aggregate, collection, heap | ||
kilesa (keles) | kilãsa | defilement | |
kukkucca | kukkuchcha | tendency to do lowly things | |
kusala | removal of defilements | ||
lahuta | lahüta | lightness | |
lakkhana | lakhkhana | characteristc | |
lobha | löbha | greed | |
loka | löka | world | |
lokottara | lökoththara | beyond this world, transcendental | |
maccariya | machchariya | extreme greed, hiding wealth | |
magga | magga | path | |
mana | māna | conceit | |
manasikara | manasikära | memory | |
mano | manö | mind | |
manodhatu | manödhäthu | mind element | |
manodvara | manödvära | mind door | |
manussa | human being | ||
marana | death | ||
metta | meththä | loving kindness | |
micchā diṭṭhi | michcha diththi | wrong views | |
middha | midhdhha | lethargic mind | |
moha | möha | delusion | |
mudita | mudhithä | appreciative joy | |
muduta | mudhuthä | malleability | |
mula | mula or müla | root | |
nama | näma | name, mental | |
nāmarupa | nämarüpa | name and form | |
nana | ngäna | knowledge | |
nimitta | nimiththa | sign | |
nivarana | neevarana | hindrance | |
niraya | hell | ||
niyama | niyama (not niyäma) | law of nature | |
oja | ojä | nutritive essence | |
paccayā | pachchayä | condition | |
pahäna | pahäna | abandoning | |
pancadvara | panchadvära | five sense doors | |
pancakkhandha | pancakkhandhä | five aggregates | |
pancaupādānakkhandha | pancaupädänakkhandhä | grasping/craving of five aggregates | |
panna | pangngä | wisdom | |
piti | peethi (preethi) | joy | |
pannindriya | wisdom faculty | ||
paramatta | paramaththä | ultimate reality | |
pasada rupa | pasäda rüpa | sensitive matter (internal rupa) | |
passaddhi | passadhdhi | tranquility | |
patavi | element of hardness | ||
Paṭicca | patichcha | bind to something willingly | |
paṭigha | aversion, dislike | ||
pavutti | pavuththi | during this life, current | |
peta (preta) | petä (prétha) | hungry ghost | |
phala | fruit, fruition | ||
phassa | contact | ||
puggala | individual | ||
purisa | masculine | ||
rāga | räga | attachment to saṃsāra | |
rasa | taste | ||
rupa | rüpa | matter (and energy) | |
rupa kalapa | rüpa kaläpa | material group unit | |
rupavacara | rüpavächara | belonging to rupa loka | |
sadda | sadhdha | sound | |
sadharana | sädhärana | universal, common | |
saddha | sadhdhä | faith (through knowledge and understanding) | |
sahetuka | sahëthuka | with roots | |
Sakadāgāmi | Sakadagämi | Once-Returner (one more rebirth as a human) | |
salāyatana | saläyathana | six sense bases | |
samadhi | samädhi | high concentration with pure mind | |
samma | quench (defilements) | ||
samapatti | samäpaththi | meditative attainment | |
samanantara | samananthara | contiguity, matching with annantara | |
samatha | samathä | calming the mind | |
samauppada | samauppäda | birth of a similar kind | |
saṅkappa | ideas | ||
saṅkhāra | sankhära | actions leading to defilements | |
sankata | sankhatha | conditioned, formed by conditions | |
sanna | sangngä | perception | |
saṃsāra (also called samsara) | sansära | beginningless rebirth process | |
sasava | säsavä | with craving | |
sati | sathi | mindful of anicca, dukkha, anatta | |
satipattana | sathipattäna | establishment of sati | |
sanyojana | sanyöjana | bind to defilements, fetter | |
sila | seela | virtue, moral conduct | |
sekha | sëkha | trainee (the three stages below the Arahant) | |
somanassa | sömanassa | with joy | |
sota | sötha | ear | |
Sotāpanna | Söthapanna | Stream Enterer (first stage of Nibbāna) | |
tanha | thanhä | attachment (bondage) due to greed, hate, or delusion | |
tejo | thãjo | heat element | |
thina | theena | sloth | |
uddacca | udhdhachchä | tendency to be high-minded (restlessness) | |
upādāna | upädhäna | clinging, like to hold onto | |
upekkha | equanimity, neutrality | ||
uppatthi | uppaththi | birth | |
vaci | vachi | speech | |
vaṇṇa (varna) | color | ||
vayama | vayäma | effort | |
vayo | vayö | fluidity | |
vedana | vãdana | feeling | |
vicara | vichära | sustained concentration on an object | |
vicikicca | vichikichchä | acting without sati | |
vimansa | vimansä | investigation | |
vinnati | vingngäthi | intimation | |
viññāṇa | vingngana | (defiled) consciousness | |
vipāka | vipäka | result | |
vipassana | vipassanä | insight (via analysis of parts) | |
virati | virathi | abstinence from indulgence | |
viriya | effort | ||
visuddhi | visudhdhi | purification | |
vitakka | vithakka | initial application of the mind on an object | |
vithi | veethi | process (sequential) | |
vottapana | voththapana | determining | |
vyapada | vyäpäda | ill will, stronger than paṭigha |