[Zapper]

Hello dhamma friends, I will be very glad if someone can explain sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā to me.

I know it is made out of soka, parideva, dukkha, domanassa, upayasa but I do not know the difference between some of those words.

Also it is not very clear to me why in mahasatipatthana sutta’s dukkha sacca it is classified as one type of suffering instead of many types of suffering, for example jara and marana are separated but soka, parideva and the rest are classified as one, do they refer to the same thing somehow?

Thank you in advance.

[Lal]

Yes. In many instances, Pali tends to combine many words.

• “Sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā” = soka, parideva, dukkha, domanassa, upāyāsa.
• Those are related words indicating sorrow/pain associated with various situations.

The main ideas are associated with death (marana), which is inevitable for each birth (jati). In Paticca Samuppada: “bhava paccayā jāti, jāti paccayā jarā, marana, soka-paridēva-dukkha-dōmanassupāyasā sambhavan’ti”

• Each birth leads to jarā (old age and decay) and marana (death). Of course, one is not aware of one’s death. But we all have suffered due to the death of a close relative, in particular, if it is a parent, spouse, or child.
• When one first hears about such a death, one becomes sad (soka). Then, whoever is present there starts talking about their relationship, good times, or special events with the deceased, and the sadness grows to parideva. If intense feelings arise, one can feel it in the body (dukkha), and the sad state of mind (domanassa) can last for days. The last one, upāyasa, is the most intense state; for example, when the deceased is taken to be buried or cremated, a sense of despair can come over, and some start crying and wailing, and some even faint. 

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dosakkhayo

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