Thank you, Lal and y not for your answers.
y not: you wrote that ‘we can attain a deva or brahma bhava solely through our own efforts in opapatika ‘birth’ which requires no father and mother’ but for the extremely precious human bhava we require a father and a mother’.
I believe that we do not need a father and a mother to have a human bhava. A human bhava (existence) is grasped at the cuti-patisandhi moment at the cessation of the previous bhava, if the relevant conditions are present. No father and mother is needed at this point yet.
From then on, a human gandhaba arises and begins to wait for a suitable womb in order to have a human jati (birth). It is only when a suitable father and mother are present will the gandhaba be able to have a human jati by entering the mother’s womb.
The difference in human and animal bhavas and jatis can be explained by the presence of gandhabas. Since the beliefs in gandhabas and paralowas are crucial in eliminating one of the ten micca ditthis, I thought it perhaps important that I point this out.
What do you think, y not?