Gad wrote: “Some people reach Nibbāna in suffering or shortly before death. Some arahants have attained parinibbãna violently…”
– That is not the technically correct way to state what happens.
– Nibbana is complete the moment one attains Arahantood. Thus, rebirth and suffering end (jati paccaya jara, marana, soka, parideva, ..) with the termination of the Paticca Samuppada process.
– However, the physical body of the Arahant (which arose due to previous kamma) remains alive until its death, and can be subjected to any vipaka coming to it. Thus, until the death of the physical body, that Arahant is in “Saupādisesa nibbānadhātu.” At the death of the physical body, an Arahant attains “Anupādisesa nibbānadhātu.”
– This is discussed in the “Nibbānadhātu Sutta (Iti 44).
– That sutta is discussed in Kalahavivāda Sutta – Origin of Fights and Disputes
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