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Pure Dhamma

Pure Dhamma

A Quest to Recover Buddha's True Teachings

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  • Welcome!
  • Buddha Dhamma
    • Sañjānāti – Animals Mostly Have This Level of Understanding
    • Close
  • Elephants in the Room
    • Word-for-Word Translation of the Tipiṭaka
      • “Elephant in the Room” – Direct Translation of the Tipiṭaka
      • Niddesa (Brief Description) of Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Paṭicca Samuppāda During a Lifetime
      • Often Mistranslated Pāli Keywords
      • Close
    • Elephant in the Room 2 – Jhāna and Kasiṇa
      • “Jānato Passato” and Ājāniya – Critical Words to Remember
      • Samādhi, Jhāna, and Sammā Samādhi
      • Jhāna, Jhāya, and Jhāyi – Different Meanings
      • Jhāna – Finer Details
      • Sammā Samādhi – How to Define It?
      • Ariya Jhāna and Anariya Jhāna – Main Differences
      • Close
    • Elephant in the Room 3 – Ānāpānasati
      • Ānāpānasati – Overview
      • Assāsa Passāsa – What Do They Mean?
      • Ānāpānasati Not About Breath – Icchā­naṅga­la Sutta
      • Mahārāhulovāda Sutta and Ānāpānasati
      • Close
    • Elephant in the Room 4 – Gandhabba/Manomaya Kāya
      • Does Gandhabba Mean “Semen”?
      • Close
    • Close
  • Key Dhamma Concepts
    • Basic Framework of Buddha Dhamma
    • San – A Critical Pāli Root
    • Nibbāna
    • Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta
    • Gati, Bhava, and Jāti
    • Sorting out Some Key Pāli Terms (Taṇhā, Lobha, Dosa, Moha, etc)
    • The Five Aggregates (Pañcakkhandha)
    • Nāma & Rūpa to Nāmarūpa
      • Mental Aggregates
      • Rupa Aggregate
      • Viññāṇa Aggregate
      • Nāmarūpa Formation
      • Close
    • Close
  • Living Dhamma
    • Essential Buddhism
      • Four Noble Truths – Suffering and Its Elimination
      • Introduction to Citta, Vēdanā, Saññā, Saṅkhāra, and Viññāṇa
      • Breath Meditation Is Addictive and Harmful in the Long Run
      • Viññāṇa – Consciousness Together With Future Expectations
      • Connection Between Saṅkhāra and Viññāṇa
      • Viññāna and Saṅkhāra – Connection to Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Ānapānasati Eliminates Mental Stress Permanently
      • Ānāpāna and Satipaṭṭhāna – Fundamentals
      • Sati in Ānāpānasati/Satipaṭṭhāna – Two Meanings of Sati
      • Close
    • Living Dhamma – Overview
      • Living Dhamma – Introduction
      • Niramisa Sukha to Nibbana Suva – The Key Step
      • Starting on the Path Even without Belief in Rebirth
      • Close
    • Dhamma with Less Pāli
      • Buddha Dhamma for an Inquiring Mind – Part I
      • Root of All Suffering – Ten Immoral Actions
      • Is Suffering the Same as the First Noble Truth on Suffering?
      • Dhamma, Saṅkhāra, Sankata, Rupa, Viññāṇa, Gati, Āsava, Anusaya
      • Complexity of the Mind – Viññāna and Sankhāra
      • Close
    • Living Dhamma – Fundamentals
      • What Are Kilesa (Mental Impurities)? – Connection to Cetasika
      • Suffering in This Life – Role of Mental Impurities
      • Satipattana Sutta – Relevance to Suffering in This Life
      • How Are Gati and Kilesa Incorporated into Thoughts?
      • Noble Eightfold Path – Role of Sobhana Cetasika
      • Getting to Samadhi
      • Sexual Orientation – Effects of Kamma and Gathi (Sankhara)
      • Close
    • Mundane Sammā Samadhi
      • Micca Ditthi – Connection to Hethu Phala (Cause and Effect)
      • Suffering in This Life and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Suffering in This Life and Paṭicca Samuppāda II
      • Close
    • Transition to Noble Eightfold Path
      • Is It Necessary for a Buddhist to Eliminate Sensual Desires?
      • Sīla, Samādhi, Paññā to Paññā, Sīla, Samādhi
      • Ye Dhammā Hetuppabhavā.. and Yam Kiñci Samudaya Dhammam..
      • Close
    • Samādhi, Jhāna (Dhyāna), Magga Phala
      • Samādhi, Jhāna, Magga Phala – Introduction
      • Vitakka, Vicāra, Savitakka, Savicāra, and Avitakka, Avicāra
      • Jhānic Experience in Detail – Sāmañ­ña­phala Sutta (DN 2)
      • Ascendance to Nibbāna via Jhāna (Dhyāna)
      • Pannāvimutti – Arahanthood without Jhāna
      • Mundane versus Supramundane Jhāna
      • Nirōdha Samāpatti, Phala Samāpatti, Jhāna, and Jhāna Samāpatti
      • Close
    • Mental Body – Gandhabbaya
      • Our Mental Body – Gandhabbaya
      • Gandhabba State – Evidence from Tipiṭaka
      • Antarābhava and Gandhabba
      • Ānantariya Kamma – Connection to Gandhabba
      • Mental Body (Gandhabbaya) – Personal Accounts
      • Abnormal Births Due to Gandhabba Transformations
      • Micchā Diṭṭhi, Gandhabba, and Sōtapanna Stage
      • Working of Kammā – Critical Role of Conditions
      • Close
    • Close
  • Dhamma and Science
    • Dhamma and Science – Introduction
    • Good Explanations – Key to Weeding Out Bad Versions of Dhamma
    • Origin of Life
    • Consciousness – A Dhamma Perspective
    • Buddhism – Consistencies with Science
    • Buddhism – Inconsistencies with Science
    • Close
  • Three Levels of Practice
    • Moral Living and Fundamentals
      • The Basics
      • Buddha Dhamma and Buddhism
      • Dhamma Concepts
      • Buddha Dhamma and Morality
      • Close
    • Working Towards Good Rebirths
    • Seeking Nibbāna
      • Aṭṭha Purisa Puggalā- Eight Noble Persons
      • Āsava, Anusaya, and Gati (Gathi)
      • The Way to Nibbana – Removal of Asavas
      • Kanha (Dark) and Sukka (Bright) Kamma and Kammakkhaya
      • Dasa Samyojana – Bonds in Rebirth Process
      • The Cooling Down Process (Nibbana) – How Root Causes are Removed
      • Why is Correct Interpretation of Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta so Important?
      • How to Cultivate the Noble Eightfold Path starting with Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta
      • Difference Between Giving Up Valuables and Losing Interest in Worthless
      • Close
    • Sotapanna Stage of Nibbana
      • Sotapanna Stage via Understanding Perception (Saññā)
      • Sotapanna Stage – Previous Posts
      • Close
    • Close
  • Tables and Summaries
    • Pali Glossary – (A-K)
    • The 89 (121) Types of Citta
    • Rupa (Material Form) – Table
    • Pali Glossary – (L-Z)
    • Cetasika (Mental Factors)
    • Rupa – Generation Mechanisms
    • Rupa Kalāpa (Grouping of Matter)
    • List of “San” Words and Other Pāli Roots
    • Akusala Citta and Akusala Vipāka Citta
    • 37 Factors of Enlightenment
    • Conditions for the Four Stages of Nibbāna
    • Ultimate Realities – Table
    • 31 Realms of Existence
    • Close
  • Paṭicca Samuppāda
    • Paticca Samuppada – “Pati+ichcha”+”Sama+uppäda”
    • Paticca Samuppada – Overview
    • Paṭicca Samuppāda – Essential Concepts
      • Nibbāna – Rāgakkhaya Dosakkhaya Mohakkhaya – Part 1
      • Pañca Nīvaraṇa and Sensual Pleasures (Kāma Rāga)
      • What is “Käma”? It is not Sex
      • Icchā, Taṇhā, Kāma – Root Causes of Suffering
      • Jāti – Different Types of Births
      • Bhava – Kammic Energy That Can Power an Existence
      • Bhava and Punabbhava – Kammic Energy Giving Rise to Renewed Existence
      • Concepts of Upādāna and Upādānakkhandha
      • Six Root Causes – Loka Samudaya (Arising of Suffering) and Loka Nirodhaya (Nibbana)
      • Close
    • Kamma and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Kamma and Paṭicca Samuppāda – Introduction
      • Dhamma and Dhammā – Different but Related
      • Difference Between Dhammā and Saṅkhāra
      • Kāma Assāda – A Root Cause of Suffering
      • Gati (Habits/Character) Determine Births – Saṃsappanīya Sutta
      • Close
    • Paṭicca Samuppāda, Tilakkhana, Four Noble Truths
      • Paṭicca Samuppāda – Introduction
      • What Did the Buddha Mean by a “Loka”?
      • Future Suffering (Loka/Dukkha Samudaya) Starts With Sensory Input (Ārammaṇa)
      • Sotapanna – One With the “Wider Worldview” of the Buddha
      • Sotapannā – Just Starting on the Noble Path
      • Yoniso Manasikāra and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Dhamma – Different Meanings Depending on the Context
      • Dhammā­nu­dhamma Paṭi­patti – Connection to Paṭicca Samuppāda/Tilakkhana
      • Close
    • Sakkāya Diṭṭhi and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Sakkāya Diṭṭhi – Wrong View of “Me” and “Mine”
      • What Reincarnates? – Concept of a Lifestream
      • Anatta and Sakkāya Diṭṭhi – Two Different Concepts
      • Close
    • Understanding the Terms in Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Distortion of Pāli Keywords in Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Saṅkhāra – Many Meanings
      • Viññāṇa – Two Critical Meanings
      • Memory, Dhammā, and Viññāṇa Dhātu
      • Citta Vithi – Fundamental Sensory Unit
      • Does any Object (Rupa) Last only 17 Thought Moments?
      • Pañcupādānakkhandha – Arises With an Ārammaṇa
      • Close
    • How Are Paṭicca Samuppāda Cycles Initiated?
    • Paṭicca Samuppāda Cycles
      • Avyākata Paṭicca Samuppāda for Vipāka Viññāṇa
      • Akusala-Mūla Upapatti Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Uppatti Paṭicca Samuppāda (How We Create Our Own Rebirths)
      • Idappaccayātā Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Close
    • Patilōma Paticca Samuppāda – Key to Nibbāna
    • Paṭicca Samuppāda in Plain English
      • Introduction – What is Suffering?
      • Introduction -2 – The Three Categories of Suffering
      • Avijjā paccayā sankhārā
      • Sankhara paccaya Vinnana – 1
      • Sankhara paccaya Vinnana – 2
      • Viññāna Paccayā Nāmarūpa
      • Nāmarūpa Paccayā Salāyatana
      • Difference between Phassa and Samphassa
      • Phassa paccayā Vēdanā….to Tanhā
      • Difference Between Taṇhā and Upādāna
      • Upādāna Paccayā Bhava – Two Types of Bhava
      • Nāmarupa, Viññāṇa, Dhammā – Closely Related
      • Bhava paccaya Jati….Jara, Marana,…
      • Close
    • Imasmim Sati Idam Hoti – What Does It Really Mean?
    • Paṭṭhāna Dhamma
      • Pattana Dhamma – Connection to Cause and Effect (Hethu Phala)
      • What Does “Paccayā” Mean in Paṭicca Samuppāda?
      • Anantara and Samanantara Paccayā
      • Āsēvana and Aññamañña Paccayā
      • Close
    • Close
  • Is There a “Self”?
    • Recovering the Suffering-Free Pure Mind
    • Does “Anatta” Refer to a “Self”?
      • Cognition Modes – Sañjānāti, Vijānāti, Pajānāti, Abhijānāti
      • Anicca Nature- Chasing Worldly Pleasures Is Pointless
      • Aniccaṁ Vipariṇāmi Aññathābhāvi – A Critical Verse
      • Dukkha – Previously Unknown Truth About Suffering
      • Saññā Vipallāsa – Distorted Perception
      • Saññā – All Our Thoughts Arise With “Distorted Saññā”
      • Upaya and Upādāna – Two Stages of Attachment
      • Close
    • Sensory Experience – Basis of Buddhā’s Worldview
    • Paticca Samuppāda – Not ‘Self’ or ‘No-Self’
      • Tanhā – The Origin of Suffering
      • Paṭicca Samuppāda – A “Self” Exists Due to Avijjā
      • Kamma, Saṅkhāra, and Abhisaṅkhāra – What Is “Intention”?
      • Vacī Saṅkhāra – Saṅkappa (Conscious Thoughts) and Vācā (Speech)
      • Tanhā Paccayā Upādāna – Critical Step in Paticca Samuppāda
      • Mōha/Avijjā and Vipāka Viññāṇa/Kamma Viññāṇa
      • Icchā (Cravings) Lead to Upādāna and to Eventual Suffering
      • Dhammā, Kamma, Saṅkhāra, Mind – Critical Connections
      • Paticca Samuppāda – From Mind to Matter
      • Close
    • Close
  • Dhamma and Philosophy
    • Dhamma and Philosophy – Introduction
    • The Infinity Problem in Buddhism
    • Is Buddha Dhamma (Buddhism) a Religion?
    • Philosophy of the Mind
    • Free Will in Buddhism – Connection to Sankhara
    • Book Reviews
    • Close
  • Bhāvanā (Meditation)
    • Meditation – Deeper Aspects
      • Āhāra – Food for the Mental Body
      • Close
    • 1. Introduction to Buddhist Meditation
    • 2. The Basics in Meditation
    • 3. The Second Level – Key to Purify the Mind
    • 4. What Do All These Different Meditation Techniques Mean?
    • 5. Ariya Metta Bhāvana (Loving Kindness Meditation)
    • 6. Anāpānasati Bhāvanā (Introduction)
    • 7. What is Ānāpāna?
    • Is Ānāpānasati Breath Meditation?
    • 8. The Basic Formal Anāpānasati Meditation
    • Karaniya Metta Sutta – Metta Bhavana
    • Possible Effects in Meditation – Kundalini Awakening
    • 9. Key to Anapanasati – How to Change Habits and Character (Gathi)
    • 11. Magga Phala via Cultivation of Satta Bojjhaṅga
    • 10. Attaining the Sotāpanna Stage via Removing Ditthasava
    • 12. Key Factors to be Considered when “Meditating” for the Sotapanna Stage
    • 13. Kammaṭṭhāna (Recitations) for the Sotāpanna Stage
    • Possible Outcomes of Meditation – Samadhi, Jhana, Magga Phala
    • What is Samadhi? – Three Kinds of Mindfulness
    • How to Attain Samādhi via “Vipassanā Pubbanga Samatha” Bhāvanā
    • Getting to Samādhi via Formal Mediation Sessions
    • Are You Not Getting Expected Results from Meditation?
    • Anussati and Anupassanā – Being Mindful and Removing Defilements
    • Myths about Meditation
    • A Simple Way to Enhance Merits (Kusala) and Avoid Demerits (Akusala)
    • Close
  • Abhidhamma
    • Abhidhamma – Introduction
    • Essential Abhidhamma – The Basics
      • Amazingly Fast Time Evolution of a Thought (Citta)
      • The Amazing Mind – Critical Role of Nāmagotta (Memories)
      • Citta and Cetasika – How Vinnana (Consciousness) Arises
      • State of Mind in the Absence of Citta Vithi – Bhavanga
      • Bhava and Bhavaṅga – Simply Explained!
      • Citta Vithi – Processing of Sense Inputs
      • Javana of a Citta – The Root of Mental Power
      • Cetasika – Connection to Gati
      • Close
    • Mind and Consciousness
      • What is Mind? How do we Experience the Outside World?
      • What is a Thought?
      • What is in a Thought? Why Gati are so Important?
      • What is Consciousness?
      • 1. Thoughts (Citta), Consciousness (Vinnana), and Mind (Hadaya Vatthu) – Introduction
      • 2. Viññāṇa (Consciousness) can be of Many Different Types and Forms
      • 3. Viññāṇa, Thoughts, and the Subconscious
      • Close
    • Gandhabba (Manomaya Kaya)
      • Gandhabba (Manomaya Kāya)- Introduction
      • Hidden World of the Gandhabba: Netherworld (Paralōka)
      • Ghost in the Machine – Synonym for the Manomaya Kaya?
      • Manomaya Kaya (Gandhabba) and the Physical Body
      • Brain – Interface between Mind and Body
      • Out-of-Body Experience (OBE) and Manōmaya Kāya
      • Cuti-Patisandhi – An Abhidhamma Description
      • Close
    • Abhidhamma via Science
      • Neuroscience says there is no Free Will? – That is a Misinterpretation!
      • The Double Slit Experiment – Correlation between Mind and Matter?
      • Vision (Cakkhu Viññāṇa) is Not Just Seeing
      • Close
    • Why Do People Enjoy Immoral Deeds? – Ditthi Is Key
    • The Origin of Matter – Suddhashtaka
    • Key to Sotapanna Stage – Ditthi and Vicikicca
    • What are Dhamma? – A Deeper Analysis
    • Pabhassara Citta, Radiant Mind, and Bhavaṅga
    • Close
  • Historical Background
  • Buddhist Chanting
  • Dhammapada
    • Manōpubbangamā Dhammā..
    • Sabba Papassa Akaranan….
    • Najajja Vasalo Hoti……
    • Appamādō Amata Padam….
    • Arōgyā Paramā Lābhā..
    • Anicca vata Sankhara…
    • Attā Hi Attanō Nāthō
    • Close
  • Sutta Interpretations
    • Sutta – Introduction
    • Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta – New Series
      • Mind – Terminologies in Suttās versus Abhidhamma
      • Paṭicca Samuppāda Creates the External World, Too!
      • Kāya Can be Pañcupādānakkhandha or Physical Body
      • Ānāpānasati – Connection to Satipaṭṭhāna
      • Kāya Is Pañcupādānakkhandha Kāya in Most Suttās
      • Satipaṭṭhāna – What Does It Mean?
      • Growth of Pañcupādānakkhandha – “Anusotagāmi“
      • Paṭisotagāmi – Moving Toward Satipaṭṭhāna Bhumi and Nibbāna
      • Overcoming Kāma Saññā – Satipaṭṭhāna Bhumi or Jhāna
      • Close
    • Pali Dictionaries – Are They Reliable?
    • Nikāya in the Sutta Piṭaka
    • Sutta Learning Sequence for the Present Day
    • Aggañña Sutta Discussion – Introduction
    • Buddhism and Evolution – Aggañña Sutta (DN 27)
    • Close
  • Myths or Realities?
  • Forums
  • About
  • Quantum Mechanics and Dhamma
    • Quantum Mechanics and Dhamma – Introduction
    • Quantum Mechanics and Consciousness
      • Will Quantum Mechanics Be Able to Explain Consciousness?
      • The Observer Effect in Quantum Mechanics
      • Close
    • Quantum Mechanics – A New Interpretation
      • What Is a Wave and What Is a Particle?
      • Photons Are Particles Not Waves
      • Basis of the Proposed Interpretation – Feynman’s Technique in QED
      • Close
    • Close
  • Buddha Dhamma – Advanced
  • Welcome!
  • Buddha Dhamma
    • Sañjānāti – Animals Mostly Have This Level of Understanding
  • Elephants in the Room
    • Word-for-Word Translation of the Tipiṭaka
      • “Elephant in the Room” – Direct Translation of the Tipiṭaka
      • Niddesa (Brief Description) of Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Paṭicca Samuppāda During a Lifetime
      • Often Mistranslated Pāli Keywords
    • Elephant in the Room 2 – Jhāna and Kasiṇa
      • “Jānato Passato” and Ājāniya – Critical Words to Remember
      • Samādhi, Jhāna, and Sammā Samādhi
      • Jhāna, Jhāya, and Jhāyi – Different Meanings
      • Jhāna – Finer Details
      • Sammā Samādhi – How to Define It?
      • Ariya Jhāna and Anariya Jhāna – Main Differences
    • Elephant in the Room 3 – Ānāpānasati
      • Ānāpānasati – Overview
      • Assāsa Passāsa – What Do They Mean?
      • Ānāpānasati Not About Breath – Icchā­naṅga­la Sutta
      • Mahārāhulovāda Sutta and Ānāpānasati
    • Elephant in the Room 4 – Gandhabba/Manomaya Kāya
      • Does Gandhabba Mean “Semen”?
  • Key Dhamma Concepts
    • Basic Framework of Buddha Dhamma
    • San – A Critical Pāli Root
    • Nibbāna
    • Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta
    • Gati, Bhava, and Jāti
    • Sorting out Some Key Pāli Terms (Taṇhā, Lobha, Dosa, Moha, etc)
    • The Five Aggregates (Pañcakkhandha)
    • Nāma & Rūpa to Nāmarūpa
      • Mental Aggregates
      • Rupa Aggregate
      • Viññāṇa Aggregate
      • Nāmarūpa Formation
  • Living Dhamma
    • Essential Buddhism
      • Four Noble Truths – Suffering and Its Elimination
      • Introduction to Citta, Vēdanā, Saññā, Saṅkhāra, and Viññāṇa
      • Breath Meditation Is Addictive and Harmful in the Long Run
      • Viññāṇa – Consciousness Together With Future Expectations
      • Connection Between Saṅkhāra and Viññāṇa
      • Viññāna and Saṅkhāra – Connection to Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Ānapānasati Eliminates Mental Stress Permanently
      • Ānāpāna and Satipaṭṭhāna – Fundamentals
      • Sati in Ānāpānasati/Satipaṭṭhāna – Two Meanings of Sati
    • Living Dhamma – Overview
      • Living Dhamma – Introduction
      • Niramisa Sukha to Nibbana Suva – The Key Step
      • Starting on the Path Even without Belief in Rebirth
    • Dhamma with Less Pāli
      • Buddha Dhamma for an Inquiring Mind – Part I
      • Root of All Suffering – Ten Immoral Actions
      • Is Suffering the Same as the First Noble Truth on Suffering?
      • Dhamma, Saṅkhāra, Sankata, Rupa, Viññāṇa, Gati, Āsava, Anusaya
      • Complexity of the Mind – Viññāna and Sankhāra
    • Living Dhamma – Fundamentals
      • What Are Kilesa (Mental Impurities)? – Connection to Cetasika
      • Suffering in This Life – Role of Mental Impurities
      • Satipattana Sutta – Relevance to Suffering in This Life
      • How Are Gati and Kilesa Incorporated into Thoughts?
      • Noble Eightfold Path – Role of Sobhana Cetasika
      • Getting to Samadhi
      • Sexual Orientation – Effects of Kamma and Gathi (Sankhara)
    • Mundane Sammā Samadhi
      • Micca Ditthi – Connection to Hethu Phala (Cause and Effect)
      • Suffering in This Life and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Suffering in This Life and Paṭicca Samuppāda II
    • Transition to Noble Eightfold Path
      • Is It Necessary for a Buddhist to Eliminate Sensual Desires?
      • Sīla, Samādhi, Paññā to Paññā, Sīla, Samādhi
      • Ye Dhammā Hetuppabhavā.. and Yam Kiñci Samudaya Dhammam..
    • Samādhi, Jhāna (Dhyāna), Magga Phala
      • Samādhi, Jhāna, Magga Phala – Introduction
      • Vitakka, Vicāra, Savitakka, Savicāra, and Avitakka, Avicāra
      • Jhānic Experience in Detail – Sāmañ­ña­phala Sutta (DN 2)
      • Ascendance to Nibbāna via Jhāna (Dhyāna)
      • Pannāvimutti – Arahanthood without Jhāna
      • Mundane versus Supramundane Jhāna
      • Nirōdha Samāpatti, Phala Samāpatti, Jhāna, and Jhāna Samāpatti
    • Mental Body – Gandhabbaya
      • Our Mental Body – Gandhabbaya
      • Gandhabba State – Evidence from Tipiṭaka
      • Antarābhava and Gandhabba
      • Ānantariya Kamma – Connection to Gandhabba
      • Mental Body (Gandhabbaya) – Personal Accounts
      • Abnormal Births Due to Gandhabba Transformations
      • Micchā Diṭṭhi, Gandhabba, and Sōtapanna Stage
      • Working of Kammā – Critical Role of Conditions
  • Dhamma and Science
    • Dhamma and Science – Introduction
    • Good Explanations – Key to Weeding Out Bad Versions of Dhamma
    • Origin of Life
    • Consciousness – A Dhamma Perspective
    • Buddhism – Consistencies with Science
    • Buddhism – Inconsistencies with Science
  • Three Levels of Practice
    • Moral Living and Fundamentals
      • The Basics
      • Buddha Dhamma and Buddhism
      • Dhamma Concepts
      • Buddha Dhamma and Morality
    • Working Towards Good Rebirths
    • Seeking Nibbāna
      • Aṭṭha Purisa Puggalā- Eight Noble Persons
      • Āsava, Anusaya, and Gati (Gathi)
      • The Way to Nibbana – Removal of Asavas
      • Kanha (Dark) and Sukka (Bright) Kamma and Kammakkhaya
      • Dasa Samyojana – Bonds in Rebirth Process
      • The Cooling Down Process (Nibbana) – How Root Causes are Removed
      • Why is Correct Interpretation of Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta so Important?
      • How to Cultivate the Noble Eightfold Path starting with Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta
      • Difference Between Giving Up Valuables and Losing Interest in Worthless
    • Sotapanna Stage of Nibbana
      • Sotapanna Stage via Understanding Perception (Saññā)
      • Sotapanna Stage – Previous Posts
  • Tables and Summaries
    • Pali Glossary – (A-K)
    • The 89 (121) Types of Citta
    • Rupa (Material Form) – Table
    • Pali Glossary – (L-Z)
    • Cetasika (Mental Factors)
    • Rupa – Generation Mechanisms
    • Rupa Kalāpa (Grouping of Matter)
    • List of “San” Words and Other Pāli Roots
    • Akusala Citta and Akusala Vipāka Citta
    • 37 Factors of Enlightenment
    • Conditions for the Four Stages of Nibbāna
    • Ultimate Realities – Table
    • 31 Realms of Existence
  • Paṭicca Samuppāda
    • Paticca Samuppada – “Pati+ichcha”+”Sama+uppäda”
    • Paticca Samuppada – Overview
    • Paṭicca Samuppāda – Essential Concepts
      • Nibbāna – Rāgakkhaya Dosakkhaya Mohakkhaya – Part 1
      • Pañca Nīvaraṇa and Sensual Pleasures (Kāma Rāga)
      • What is “Käma”? It is not Sex
      • Icchā, Taṇhā, Kāma – Root Causes of Suffering
      • Jāti – Different Types of Births
      • Bhava – Kammic Energy That Can Power an Existence
      • Bhava and Punabbhava – Kammic Energy Giving Rise to Renewed Existence
      • Concepts of Upādāna and Upādānakkhandha
      • Six Root Causes – Loka Samudaya (Arising of Suffering) and Loka Nirodhaya (Nibbana)
    • Kamma and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Kamma and Paṭicca Samuppāda – Introduction
      • Dhamma and Dhammā – Different but Related
      • Difference Between Dhammā and Saṅkhāra
      • Kāma Assāda – A Root Cause of Suffering
      • Gati (Habits/Character) Determine Births – Saṃsappanīya Sutta
    • Paṭicca Samuppāda, Tilakkhana, Four Noble Truths
      • Paṭicca Samuppāda – Introduction
      • What Did the Buddha Mean by a “Loka”?
      • Future Suffering (Loka/Dukkha Samudaya) Starts With Sensory Input (Ārammaṇa)
      • Sotapanna – One With the “Wider Worldview” of the Buddha
      • Sotapannā – Just Starting on the Noble Path
      • Yoniso Manasikāra and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Dhamma – Different Meanings Depending on the Context
      • Dhammā­nu­dhamma Paṭi­patti – Connection to Paṭicca Samuppāda/Tilakkhana
    • Sakkāya Diṭṭhi and Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Sakkāya Diṭṭhi – Wrong View of “Me” and “Mine”
      • What Reincarnates? – Concept of a Lifestream
      • Anatta and Sakkāya Diṭṭhi – Two Different Concepts
    • Understanding the Terms in Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Distortion of Pāli Keywords in Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Saṅkhāra – Many Meanings
      • Viññāṇa – Two Critical Meanings
      • Memory, Dhammā, and Viññāṇa Dhātu
      • Citta Vithi – Fundamental Sensory Unit
      • Does any Object (Rupa) Last only 17 Thought Moments?
      • Pañcupādānakkhandha – Arises With an Ārammaṇa
    • How Are Paṭicca Samuppāda Cycles Initiated?
    • Paṭicca Samuppāda Cycles
      • Avyākata Paṭicca Samuppāda for Vipāka Viññāṇa
      • Akusala-Mūla Upapatti Paṭicca Samuppāda
      • Uppatti Paṭicca Samuppāda (How We Create Our Own Rebirths)
      • Idappaccayātā Paṭicca Samuppāda
    • Patilōma Paticca Samuppāda – Key to Nibbāna
    • Paṭicca Samuppāda in Plain English
      • Introduction – What is Suffering?
      • Introduction -2 – The Three Categories of Suffering
      • Avijjā paccayā sankhārā
      • Sankhara paccaya Vinnana – 1
      • Sankhara paccaya Vinnana – 2
      • Viññāna Paccayā Nāmarūpa
      • Nāmarūpa Paccayā Salāyatana
      • Difference between Phassa and Samphassa
      • Phassa paccayā Vēdanā….to Tanhā
      • Difference Between Taṇhā and Upādāna
      • Upādāna Paccayā Bhava – Two Types of Bhava
      • Nāmarupa, Viññāṇa, Dhammā – Closely Related
      • Bhava paccaya Jati….Jara, Marana,…
    • Imasmim Sati Idam Hoti – What Does It Really Mean?
    • Paṭṭhāna Dhamma
      • Pattana Dhamma – Connection to Cause and Effect (Hethu Phala)
      • What Does “Paccayā” Mean in Paṭicca Samuppāda?
      • Anantara and Samanantara Paccayā
      • Āsēvana and Aññamañña Paccayā
  • Is There a “Self”?
    • Recovering the Suffering-Free Pure Mind
    • Does “Anatta” Refer to a “Self”?
      • Cognition Modes – Sañjānāti, Vijānāti, Pajānāti, Abhijānāti
      • Anicca Nature- Chasing Worldly Pleasures Is Pointless
      • Aniccaṁ Vipariṇāmi Aññathābhāvi – A Critical Verse
      • Dukkha – Previously Unknown Truth About Suffering
      • Saññā Vipallāsa – Distorted Perception
      • Saññā – All Our Thoughts Arise With “Distorted Saññā”
      • Upaya and Upādāna – Two Stages of Attachment
    • Sensory Experience – Basis of Buddhā’s Worldview
    • Paticca Samuppāda – Not ‘Self’ or ‘No-Self’
      • Tanhā – The Origin of Suffering
      • Paṭicca Samuppāda – A “Self” Exists Due to Avijjā
      • Kamma, Saṅkhāra, and Abhisaṅkhāra – What Is “Intention”?
      • Vacī Saṅkhāra – Saṅkappa (Conscious Thoughts) and Vācā (Speech)
      • Tanhā Paccayā Upādāna – Critical Step in Paticca Samuppāda
      • Mōha/Avijjā and Vipāka Viññāṇa/Kamma Viññāṇa
      • Icchā (Cravings) Lead to Upādāna and to Eventual Suffering
      • Dhammā, Kamma, Saṅkhāra, Mind – Critical Connections
      • Paticca Samuppāda – From Mind to Matter
  • Dhamma and Philosophy
    • Dhamma and Philosophy – Introduction
    • The Infinity Problem in Buddhism
    • Is Buddha Dhamma (Buddhism) a Religion?
    • Philosophy of the Mind
    • Free Will in Buddhism – Connection to Sankhara
    • Book Reviews
  • Bhāvanā (Meditation)
    • Meditation – Deeper Aspects
      • Āhāra – Food for the Mental Body
    • 1. Introduction to Buddhist Meditation
    • 2. The Basics in Meditation
    • 3. The Second Level – Key to Purify the Mind
    • 4. What Do All These Different Meditation Techniques Mean?
    • 5. Ariya Metta Bhāvana (Loving Kindness Meditation)
    • 6. Anāpānasati Bhāvanā (Introduction)
    • 7. What is Ānāpāna?
    • Is Ānāpānasati Breath Meditation?
    • 8. The Basic Formal Anāpānasati Meditation
    • Karaniya Metta Sutta – Metta Bhavana
    • Possible Effects in Meditation – Kundalini Awakening
    • 9. Key to Anapanasati – How to Change Habits and Character (Gathi)
    • 11. Magga Phala via Cultivation of Satta Bojjhaṅga
    • 10. Attaining the Sotāpanna Stage via Removing Ditthasava
    • 12. Key Factors to be Considered when “Meditating” for the Sotapanna Stage
    • 13. Kammaṭṭhāna (Recitations) for the Sotāpanna Stage
    • Possible Outcomes of Meditation – Samadhi, Jhana, Magga Phala
    • What is Samadhi? – Three Kinds of Mindfulness
    • How to Attain Samādhi via “Vipassanā Pubbanga Samatha” Bhāvanā
    • Getting to Samādhi via Formal Mediation Sessions
    • Are You Not Getting Expected Results from Meditation?
    • Anussati and Anupassanā – Being Mindful and Removing Defilements
    • Myths about Meditation
    • A Simple Way to Enhance Merits (Kusala) and Avoid Demerits (Akusala)
  • Abhidhamma
    • Abhidhamma – Introduction
    • Essential Abhidhamma – The Basics
      • Amazingly Fast Time Evolution of a Thought (Citta)
      • The Amazing Mind – Critical Role of Nāmagotta (Memories)
      • Citta and Cetasika – How Vinnana (Consciousness) Arises
      • State of Mind in the Absence of Citta Vithi – Bhavanga
      • Bhava and Bhavaṅga – Simply Explained!
      • Citta Vithi – Processing of Sense Inputs
      • Javana of a Citta – The Root of Mental Power
      • Cetasika – Connection to Gati
    • Mind and Consciousness
      • What is Mind? How do we Experience the Outside World?
      • What is a Thought?
      • What is in a Thought? Why Gati are so Important?
      • What is Consciousness?
      • 1. Thoughts (Citta), Consciousness (Vinnana), and Mind (Hadaya Vatthu) – Introduction
      • 2. Viññāṇa (Consciousness) can be of Many Different Types and Forms
      • 3. Viññāṇa, Thoughts, and the Subconscious
    • Gandhabba (Manomaya Kaya)
      • Gandhabba (Manomaya Kāya)- Introduction
      • Hidden World of the Gandhabba: Netherworld (Paralōka)
      • Ghost in the Machine – Synonym for the Manomaya Kaya?
      • Manomaya Kaya (Gandhabba) and the Physical Body
      • Brain – Interface between Mind and Body
      • Out-of-Body Experience (OBE) and Manōmaya Kāya
      • Cuti-Patisandhi – An Abhidhamma Description
    • Abhidhamma via Science
      • Neuroscience says there is no Free Will? – That is a Misinterpretation!
      • The Double Slit Experiment – Correlation between Mind and Matter?
      • Vision (Cakkhu Viññāṇa) is Not Just Seeing
    • Why Do People Enjoy Immoral Deeds? – Ditthi Is Key
    • The Origin of Matter – Suddhashtaka
    • Key to Sotapanna Stage – Ditthi and Vicikicca
    • What are Dhamma? – A Deeper Analysis
    • Pabhassara Citta, Radiant Mind, and Bhavaṅga
  • Historical Background
  • Buddhist Chanting
  • Dhammapada
    • Manōpubbangamā Dhammā..
    • Sabba Papassa Akaranan….
    • Najajja Vasalo Hoti……
    • Appamādō Amata Padam….
    • Arōgyā Paramā Lābhā..
    • Anicca vata Sankhara…
    • Attā Hi Attanō Nāthō
  • Sutta Interpretations
    • Sutta – Introduction
    • Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta – New Series
      • Mind – Terminologies in Suttās versus Abhidhamma
      • Paṭicca Samuppāda Creates the External World, Too!
      • Kāya Can be Pañcupādānakkhandha or Physical Body
      • Ānāpānasati – Connection to Satipaṭṭhāna
      • Kāya Is Pañcupādānakkhandha Kāya in Most Suttās
      • Satipaṭṭhāna – What Does It Mean?
      • Growth of Pañcupādānakkhandha – “Anusotagāmi“
      • Paṭisotagāmi – Moving Toward Satipaṭṭhāna Bhumi and Nibbāna
      • Overcoming Kāma Saññā – Satipaṭṭhāna Bhumi or Jhāna
    • Pali Dictionaries – Are They Reliable?
    • Nikāya in the Sutta Piṭaka
    • Sutta Learning Sequence for the Present Day
    • Aggañña Sutta Discussion – Introduction
    • Buddhism and Evolution – Aggañña Sutta (DN 27)
  • Myths or Realities?
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    • Quantum Mechanics and Dhamma – Introduction
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      • Will Quantum Mechanics Be Able to Explain Consciousness?
      • The Observer Effect in Quantum Mechanics
    • Quantum Mechanics – A New Interpretation
      • What Is a Wave and What Is a Particle?
      • Photons Are Particles Not Waves
      • Basis of the Proposed Interpretation – Feynman’s Technique in QED
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